Enhancement of free space optical link in heavy rain attenuation using multiple beam concept

Free space optics (FSO) has attracted a lot of attention for a variety of applications in telecommunications area, and it is dream of every researcher and telecommunication society to make it a real alternative solution for the last mile problem, to replace fiber optics. FSO is much preferred because of its low maintenance cost and deployment time. FSO with single-beam system is vulnerable to atmospheric attenuation, so to overcome this, a multiple-beam FSO transceiver system has become prominent and is usually used. In this paper, average rain attenuation is evaluated from the collected rain intensity data which are collected for a period of seven months, and implemented in the study concerning results relating link distance, and received optical power of using multiple-beam FSO system in tropical rainy weather. Comparison is made in terms of received optical power, geometrical losses, atmospheric losses, and bit error rate (BER) on using different number of optical beams, based on simulation at data rate of 1 Gb/s. From the results it is clear that the quality of received power is improved by using up to four beams, along with link distance up to 1141.2 m as compared to one-beam, two-beam, and three-beam, with link distances 833.3 m, 991.0 m, 1075.4 m, respectively.     

Natural examples of Valdivia compact spaces

We collect examples of Valdivia compact spaces, their continuous images and associated classes of Banach spaces which appear naturally in various branches of mathematics. We focus on topological constructions generating Valdivia compact spaces, linearly ordered compact spaces, compact groups, L¹ spaces, Banach lattices and noncommutative L¹ spaces.     

高光谱RX异常检测的多DSP并行化处理技术

为达到高光谱图像数据RX异常检测处理的高速、实时、海量存储等要求,本文提出了一种基于 CPCI Express 标准总线架构的多DSP高光谱图像并行处理系统的解决方案。系统采用4片DSP共享数据总线和存储器的紧耦合与Link口互联相结合的硬件拓扑架构。在该硬件平台上,针对光谱RX异常检测算法以及光谱图像三维数据的特点,分配各DSP并行处理任务,提出了一种利用图像空间分块计算并求整个图像的均值矩阵与协方差矩阵的4DSP并行处理技术。结果表明,在保证同等探测效果的条件下,采用本文的RX异常检测算法4DSP并行处理技术,可以达到单DSP处理4倍的时间效率,解决了DSP内存容量对大数据量图像处理的限制,并较好的完成了光谱数据的实时处理要求。     

Accuracy analysis of centroid calculated by a modified center detection algorithm for Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor

The accuracy of the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor for measuring the wavefront distortion is mainly dependent upon the measuring accuracy of the centroid of each spot. A modified center detection algorithm, which uses some power from the photon events of each pixel instead of photon events themselves, is analyzed theoretically and the computer simulations are given. The results show that photon noise error and sampling error increases as the power value goes up; and to some powers, the readout noise and background noise error decrease. An experiment is described through which the optimum power can be obtained.     

基于光谱区分法的高光谱核异常检测算法

为了解决高光谱目标检测中高斯径向基核、光谱相似度量核难以同时描述光谱曲线整体及局部特性的问题,利用光谱信息散度与梯度角正切相结合的光谱区分方法构造了一种新的核函数.对真实机载可见红外成像光谱仪高光谱数据进行高光谱核异常检测,得到二值图及接收机操作特性曲线.结果表明,在低虚警率下,相比于高斯径向基核、光谱相似度量核,本文所提出核函数在高光谱核异常检测中准确度与清晰度更高.     

Structural, vibrational and ab initio studies of L-histidine oxalate

Single crystals of L-histidine oxalate were obtained by slow evaporation of an aqueous solution at room temperature. The grown crystals have been subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared, and Raman spectroscopy. The title compound crystallises in the non-centrosymmetric space group P2(1)2(1)2(1,) the crystal cohesion is achieved by relatively strong hydrogen bonds, so that the NH3 groups show significant distortion with respect to the tetrahedral symmetry. Raman and infrared spectra of the title compound were recorded in the frequency range 300-3200 and 400-4000 cm-1, respectively. To obtain a reliable assignment of the observed spectral lines, we have calculated the geometry and the frequencies of the vibrational modes of histidine cation and the oxalate anion using the semi empirical PM3 method.     

基于高斯马尔科夫模型的高光谱异常目标检测算法研究

随着光谱成像技术的发展,高光谱异常检测在遥感图像处理中的应用越来越广泛。传统RX异常检测算法忽略影像空间相关性,而且由于没有经过有效数据降维,运算耗费大,对于高光谱数据有效性不高。高光谱影像在空间和光谱上符合高斯-马尔科夫模型。通过建立马尔科夫参数能够直接计算协方差矩阵的逆矩阵,避免了高光谱海量数据的庞大计算。提出一种基于三维高斯-马尔科夫随机场模型的改进RX异常检测算法。该方法用高斯-马尔科夫随机场模型模拟高光谱影像数据,用最大似然近似法估计高斯-马尔科夫随机场参数,由高斯-马尔科夫随机场参数直接构造检测算子,并以待检测像元为中心设置局部优化窗口,称为马尔科夫检测窗。取窗口内数据计算均值向量和协方差逆矩阵,得到中心像元的异常度,通过移动窗口进行逐像元检测。应用AVIRIS高光谱数据对传统RX算法、高斯-马尔科夫模型背景假设异常检测算法和该算法进行了仿真实验对比。结果表明,该算法能够有效提高高光谱异常检测效率,降低虚警率。运行时间较传统RX算法提高了45.2%,体现出更好的计算效率。     

基于新型光谱相似度量核的高光谱异常检测算法

提出一种新型光谱相似度量核函数,并应用于高光谱异常检测.由于高斯径向基核函数是基于光谱向量间欧式距离的度量,其对于光谱向量间距离变化的适应性较强,而对于因光照强度变化,阴影和遮挡等引起的同种地物光谱变化的适应性较弱,使得基于高斯径向基核的高光谱异常检测算法性能下降.为解决该问题,从光谱曲线形状描述出发,基于光谱相似度量提出了光谱相似度量核函数.通过理论分析和真实高光谱数据异常检测实验检验,实验结果说明相对于高斯径向基核函数,光谱相似度量核函数具有一定的优越性,能改善基于核方法的高光谱异常检测算法的性能.     

SYNTHESE DE L'HYDROXYAPATITE PURE A PARTIR DE L'ACIDE PHOSPHORIQUE ET DU CARBONATE DE CALCIUM

L'hydroxyapatite de formule Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂ a été élaborée à 100°C et à pH 8 par précipitation à partir d'une solution de calcium, obtenue à partir du carbonate de calcium, et d'une solution de phosphate obtenue à partir d'acide phosphorique. Le procédé consiste à additionner les réactifs avec un rapport atomique Ca/P égal à 1,667. La caractérisation et l'analyse chimique de la poudre synthétisée ont été effectuées par diffraction des rayons X (XRD) des poudres, spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (FTIR), BET, MEB, colorimétrie et par absorption atomique.

The hydroxyapatite of formula Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH) ₂ was formed at 100°C and pH 8 by precipitation from a calcium solution obtained from calcium carbonate and a phosphate solution obtained from phosphoric acid. The process consists of adding reagents with an atomic ratio Ca/P equal to 1,667. The characterization and the chemical analysis of the synthetic powder were made by X-ray diffraction (XRD) of powders, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), BET, MEB, colorimetry, and atomic absorption. Mots clés: Hydroxyapatite; IR; précipitation; procédé; RX; synthèse     

基于多尺度分解的超光谱图像异常检测

提出了一种基于多尺度分解的超光谱图像异常检测算法。在目标和背景均未知的前提下,利用光谱和空间两种信息完成对异常目标信号的定位,从而实现超光谱遥感数据中异常目标检测。首先利用非下采样塔式变换对超光谱图像进行分解,将其划分为不同尺度子块;然后依据超光谱图像同一波段不同尺度空间内相邻系数的相关性,采用不同波段各个尺度空间的反锐化掩模方法优化背景数据分布,从而抑制异常数据对背景的干扰;最后利用设计的核RX算子得到异常目标检测结果。为验证方法的有效性,利用真实和模拟的AVIRIS数据进行了实验,并与经典RX算法相比较,实验结果表明,基于非下采样塔式分解的异常检测方法具有更好的检测性能和较低的虚警。