Courants caractéristiques et analyse de SEREigen currents and RCS analysis

In this Note, we return to the theory of characteristic modes which was introduced 30 years ago for electromagnetic scattering problems. A simple mathematical framework is proposed and complete definitions are given. The potential interest of this theory in terms of Radar Cross Section (RCS) analysis is then discussed, especially in the low frequency case. Finally, a 3-D example is presented to illustrate the efficiency of this decomposition. To cite this article: Y. Morel et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

飞机外露物隐身改进设计研究

外露物在一定程度上影响飞机隐身性能,而外露物的共形设计会增加成本。针对低成本准隐身飞机,本文探讨了一种外露物的隐身改进设计,主要采取优化外形,涂敷吸波材料、提升加工工艺等措施实现低成本飞机RCS值的缩减。经过隐身仿真、隐身测试等手段,获取了外露物在不同频点、不同极化下的RCS值,并通过仿真、测试数据对比验证采取隐身改进措施的有效性,并为其它外露物隐身设计提供了设计依据和手段。     

共享孔径人工电磁媒质设计及其在高增益低雷达散射截面天线中的应用

提出了一种具有部分反射特性和吸波特性的共享孔径人工电磁媒质(shared aperture metamaterial, SA-MTM).该媒质由上层斜十字金属图案加载集总电阻的吸波表面、下层开条带缝隙金属面的部分反射表面以及中间介质层构成, 吸波表面和部分反射表面在垂直维度上共享了一个物理孔径使该媒质同时实现了吸波特性和部分反射特性.将SA-MTM与天线一体化设计, 利用SA-MTM的部分反射表面和天线表面构成的法布里-珀罗(Fabry-Perot, F-P)谐振腔提升天线的增益, 利用SA-MTM的吸波表面吸收入射电磁波实现低雷达散射截面(radar section cross, RCS)天线的设计.仿真和实验结果表明, SA-MTM 的加载使天线的前向增益在5.57–5.94 GHz 的工作带宽范围内都提升了3 dB以上, 且天线的后向RCS在2–9 GHz范围内都有明显的减缩.该研究成果克服了天线辐射性能和散射性能无法兼顾的矛盾, 对高增益低RCS天线的设计具有重要的指导意义.     

磁化铁氧体覆盖二维导体目标FDTD分析的移位算子方法

采用移位算子方法把时域有限差分法推广应用于二维磁各向异性色散介质—磁化铁氧体中.证明了电磁波横向入射二维轴向磁化铁氧体目标情形下,电磁波可按目标的轴向分解为横电波(TE波)和横磁波(TM波),且TE波的散射特性与铁氧体介质无关,而TM波的散射特性与介质电磁参量密切相关,同时对其物理原因进行了分析.通过采用移位算子方法处理磁化铁氧体频域本构关系,得到该情形下目标电磁散射的移位算子时域有限差的迭代计算公式,同时解决了电磁波在各向异性和频率色散介质中传播的问题.计算了轴向磁化铁氧体涂敷VonKarman型导体柱的TM波双站雷达散射截面,分析了铁氧体参量对目标双站雷达散射截面的影响.结果表明:恰当地选择铁氧体参量能有效地减少目标的雷达散射截面,本文时谐因子取exp〔jωt〕.     

基于编码超表面的太赫兹宽频段雷达散射截面缩减的研究

本文设计了一种柔性, 非定向低散射的1bit编码超表面, 实现了太赫兹宽频带雷达散射截面的缩减. 这种设计基于对“0”和“1”两种基本单元进行编码, 其反射相位差在很宽的频段范围内接近180°, 为一种非周期的排列方式, 该电磁超表面使入射的电磁波发生漫反射, 从而实现雷达散射截面的缩减. 全波仿真结果表明, 在垂直入射条件下, 编码超表面的镜像反射率低于-10 dB的带宽频段范围为1.0-1.4 THz, 该带宽内超表面相对同尺寸金属板可将雷达散射截面所减量达到10 dB以上, 最大缩减量达到19 dB. 把柔性编码表面弯曲在直径为4 mm的金属圆柱面上, 雷达散射截面的所减量高于10 dB以上的带宽频段范围为0.9-1.2 THz, 仍然可实现宽频带缩减特性. 总之, 编码超表面为调控太赫兹波提供一种新的途径, 将在雷达隐身、成像、宽带通信等方面具有重要的意义.     

Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering from Plasma Antenna Using CG-FFT Method

A gaseous plasma column as an efficient radiator of electromagnetic waves is well known. This paper presents the scattering analysis of a plasma antenna using the conjugate gradient fast Fourier transform (CG-FFT) method. Radar cross sections (RCS) of designed plasma antenna for different plasma parameters are computed mainly. Numerical results show that the plasma antenna with appropriate parameters can offer lower RCS than the metal one. It is evident from the observed scattering characteristics that the plasma antenna can be regarded as a rod of imperfect conductor with losses.     

An ultra-wideband coding polarizer for beam control and RCS reduction

Pancharatnam−Berry (PB) phase metasurface, as a special class of gradient metasurfaces, has been paid much attention owing to the robust performance for phase control of circularly polarized waves. Herein, we present an element-based polarizer for the first step, which enables the incident electromagnetic waves into the cross-polarized waves with the relative bandwidth of 71%, and the polarization conversion ratio exceeds 90% at 6.9−14.5 GHz. Then an eight-elements coding polarizer based on the PB phase is presented for the applications on beam control and radar cross section reduction. The simulated values indicate that the reduction of radar cross section is more than 10 dB at 6−16 GHz. Our work reveals the availability of manipulating the waves, beamforming in communication systems and electromagnetic stealth, and so on.     

Study of backscattering from a complex scatterer at 3mm wave band

The backscattering characteristics of complex scatterer has been studied theoretically at 3 mm wavelength for the first time. RCS of the practial complex scatterer was calculated with GTD and the physical optics. The constrict model was also measured. The experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical calculations.     

再入湍流尾迹及其对雷达散射的影响研究

就高超声速再入体尾迹等离子体场而言,为进行其亚密湍流雷达散射截面的理论分析,提出了计算湍流尾迹脉动等离子体场强的理论模型及求解方法,即在研究高超声速尾迹流动特征的基础上,推导、使用包括化学组份浓度脉动强度的k－ε－g湍流模型,用以封闭高超声速粘性尾迹湍流运动时均控制方程组,并用全隐式有限差分法求解,算例小钝锥体的飞行条件为零攻角、M_∞＝21．3,Re_（∞D）＝1．33×10~6;M_∞＝20．5;Re_（∞D）＝3．22×10~5,计算结果得到了合理的参数分布;考虑电磁波在上述等离子体介质中的传播,以单电子多次散射模型─—畸变波Born近似方法,计算了湍流尾迹脉动等离子体雷达散射截面,给出散射能（RCS）在不同极化状态下的分布,分析了散射背景场脉动湍流对电磁波在其中传播的影响．     

Experiments and analysis of thin tungsten slice and W/Cu brazing for primary collimator scraper in CSNS/RCS

According to the requirements for the beam collimation system of the rapid cycling synchrotron(RCS)of China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS),the main structure of a scraper of primary collimator is made by W/Cu brazing,in which the thickness of tungsten slice is 0.17 mm.In order to get the best mechanical properties,the brazing temperature is suggested to be controlled under the recrystallization temperature of tungsten,while the recrystallization temperature is affected directly by the thickness of tungsten.Because of little research and application on the brazing of thin tungsten slice of 0.17 mm and copper,tensile tests are done to get the mechanical properties of tungsten slices which experience different brazing temperatures.In keeping the inner relationships between the mechanical properties and temperature,another experiment is done by using SEM to scan the microstructures including the size and distribution of crystals.Finally we determine the recrystallization temperature of tungsten slice of 0.17 mm,and get the best parameters of W/Cu brazing for scrapers of primary collimator in CSNS/RCS.