Recognition of Putonghua voiceless stop like initials based on speech main periods

I.Intr0ductionNowadays,thereismuchadvancemcntinthcrcsearchintospeechrecognition.Manyresearchershavebecninterestedintheimplementationofareliab1crealtimerec-ognitionsystemofunlimitedv0cabu1ary.Thercareafewproductsconversingsyl1ablesintoChinesecharactersinthemarket.However,theimp1ementationofarobustrealtAnerecognitionsystemofunlimitcdvocabularyisvcrydifficu1t,anditisthcgreataimofourresearch.WehaveaTMS32O-C25signa1processingboardattachedtoacomputerofthM-PC/AT80386.Wehopcthatourspeechrecognit…     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

法治建设的国家能力基础：从国族认同建构能力切入

援引“国家能力”的概念及其学说来讨论中国法治问题,如今正逐渐在中国法学界成为一种新潮流。但当将这些出自非法学研究者之手的理论运用来研究中国法治问题时,其中有些概念乃至分析框架,应当事先做一番必要的检讨与调整,再非常谨慎地予以借用。尤其是要适当超越“国家能力”学说有可能过度凸显的某种“自上而下支配”的面向。国族认同建构能力可被用来将国家能力问题与法治建设勾连起来进行讨论。作为国家能力之内容的重要组成部分,国族认同建构能力不仅是在全球化时代最大程度地维系一国法治之自身正当性的基础,也是有助于在一国范围内以最小成本高质量地构建回应型法治的润滑剂。