The enormity of the zinc deficiency problem and available solutions; an overview

The societal cost of micronutrient deficiency (MND) or the “hidden hunger” is in millions of dollars/year, reducing the GDP of some countries by as much as 11%. Zn is an important micronutrient for both plants and animals. An estimated 17% of the world population, or around 1.1 billion people, are at the risk of zinc (Zn) deficiency. The deficiency has been related to adverse pregnancy outcomes, stunted growth, premature deaths, immune system dysfunctions, neuro-behavioral disorders, and recently with the failure to recover from COVID-19. These health risks associated with Zn deficiency have compelled FAO and WHO to recommend Zn fortification of diet. Correcting Zn deficiency is a challenge due to several reasons. Close to half of the agricultural soils are Zn deficient, and chemical Zn fertilizers are costly and ineffective. Developing Zn-rich crops through plant breeding and genetic engineering is challenging. Zn-dense diet is costly and cannot be implemented in the low-income region most affected by Zn deficiency. Lack of consensus among regulatory bodies on defining and diagnosing Zn deficiency in plants and Humans. Awareness and other sociocultural issues. Among the most important available solutions are zinc biofortification of the cereal crops, use of zinc biofertilizers, development of Zn-efficient crops with reduced phytate content. The use of Zn supplements, dietary modification, and diversification, especially with fish, are proposed as the most accessible and affordable solutions. Awareness programs in areas suffering the most from Zn deficiency are required. Despite the suggestions from FAO and WHO, global efforts to combat Zn deficiency matching those for combating diseases like HIV are not in place. Coordinated efforts of the international community, especially policy-makers, agricultural scientists, dieticians, physicians, and others, are required to address the issue of hidden hunger.     

中国的百岁老人研究Ⅱ.百岁老人的死亡率、生存率和发展趋势

根据全国人口普查资料,用指数函数拟合法计算了中国百岁老人的死亡率和生存率,得出中国人口的最高自然寿限为120岁,并预测到2010年中国百岁老人绝对数将达4万多人,届时每百万人口中将有30位百岁老人,比2000年增加1倍以上。     

中国的百岁老人研究Ⅲ.百岁老人聚居区——中国长寿之乡的成因和评定

探讨了中国长寿之乡的成因,提出了评定中国长寿之乡的四项指标和六项衡量标准。主张中国长寿之乡应由有资质的学术团体经过认真调查和核实后认定,被命名的长寿之乡应是相当于县(市)或大城市区一级以上的地域,总人口应在10万人以上;该地区每百万人口中应有70位以上百岁老人;并应有反映后备力量和发展速度的指标。     

上海市力学学会60年

上海市力学学会成立于1959年9月20日,到今年正好是一个甲子．60个春秋真实写照了上海市力学学会的建立、成长、发展与壮大的过程．60年来,在上海市科协的领导和中国力学学会的指导下,在各团体成员单位的大力支持下,上海市力学学会一代代力学工作者薪火相传、开拓耕耘,历届理事会及下属工作委员会和专业委员会团结奋进、不断创新,广大会员踊跃参与,为上海力学大力发展、力学人才精心培养、力学知识科学普及、力学服务国家发展战略和区域经济建设中做出了重要贡献,学会持续发展壮大．在庆祝力学学会成立六十周年之际,让我们共同抒怀上海力学六十年薪火相传、回顾近10年重要发展,展望上海力学新时代．     

中国的百岁老人研究Ⅰ.百岁老人的地区分布、性别差异和民族特征

利用全国人口普查资料及部分地区的调查资料,统计分析了百岁老人的百岁比和性别比。结果显示,中国百岁老人存在明显的地区分布不均衡性、性别差异的可变化性,以及民族长寿的特异性。我国至少有4个省和自治区的百岁老人数男性多于女性,有13个民族的百岁老人比例达到联合国规定的长寿之乡标准,这些民族可称作长寿民族。     

Tagungsberichte

Some analytical procedures for the determination of tritium, strontium-90 and iodine-129 in liquid radioactive wastes from nuclear power plants of the type WWER-440 are described. Liquid scintillation counters (³H), beta-counters applying an Al-absorber (⁹⁰Sr) and neutron activation analysis (¹²⁹I) applying a suitable separation process are used. The results are discussed with respect to the waste management manufactured in future and the deposition of radioactive wastes coming from the nuclear power station “Kozloduj”.     

Critical comparison of radiometric and mass spectrometric methods for the determination of radionuclides in environmental, biological and nuclear waste samples

The radiometric methods, alpha (α)-, beta (β)-, gamma (γ)-spectrometry, and mass spectrometric methods, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, accelerator mass spectrometry, thermal ionization mass spectrometry, resonance ionization mass spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and glow discharge mass spectrometry are reviewed for the determination of radionuclides. These methods are critically compared for the determination of long-lived radionuclides important for radiation protection, decommissioning of nuclear facilities, repository of nuclear waste, tracer application in the environmental and biological researches, these radionuclides include ³H, ¹⁴C, ³⁶Cl, ⁴¹Ca, ^59,63Ni, ^89,90Sr, ⁹⁹Tc, ¹²⁹I, ^135,137Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, ^226,228Ra, ²³⁷Np, ²⁴¹Am, and isotopes of thorium, uranium and plutonium. The application of on-line methods (flow injection/sequential injection) for separation of radionuclides and automated determination of radionuclides is also discussed.     

集思广益 群策群力 办好《电化学》期刊 ——纪念中国化学会《电化学》创刊20周年

2015年春,由中国化学会主办的电化学委员会会刊《电化学》迎来了期刊的第21卷. 创刊20年来,期刊从季刊发展为双月刊,版面也从小16开扩大到大16开. 20年间,期刊共出版86期,合计发表了各类文章近1800篇（据“中国知网”统计数据）,其中包括国内外作者投寄的142篇英文稿件. 《电化学》期刊已成为融基础研究与技术应用于一体的电化学专业学术期刊. 编辑部通过电子邮件向1100多位国内外读者及时发送每一期新出版期刊的图示目录（E-mail Alert）. 期刊网站及中国知网也已成为电化学科技人员阅读本刊论文的重要途径. 近五年来,读者通过本刊网站下载论文数累计超过90万篇次,平均每篇论文的下载数高于500次,每天下载的平均数也超过600篇次,下载量最多的单篇论文已高达9400多次. 据统计,下载论文者不限于国内读者,其中还包括近5%的境外读者. 上述统计数字表明,《电化学》期刊已成为中国电化学科技人员进行学术交流的重要园地,展示了我国电化学领域的最新研究成果及实时动态,也是国际同行了解中国电化学发展的主要窗口.     

基于电子舌技术对不同年份的化橘红的识别

不同年份的化橘红功效和价格均存在差异,为了快速识别未知橘红样品的年份,采用电子舌对2001～2010年的10个样品和一个盲样进行了分析.对原始数据采用主成分分析和判别因子分析.结果表明:主成分分析可以将不同年份的样品进行有效的区分,判别因子分析可以更好地区分不同年份的样品,并能进行盲样识别.在模式识别中,判别因子分析法的识别结果均优于主成分分析法,前者2个判别因子的累计方差贡献量达到了99.929%.电子舌可以较好地区分不同年份的化橘红,改进后有望应用于化橘红的快速检测.     

可转换债券最优转换时点模型研究

可转换债券在我国是一种比较新的金融工具,在资本市场上的地位也越来越重要.并被誉为是上市公司再融资三驾马车之一.具有债性、股性及期权性三大特征.不同于以往复杂的定价模型,本文以可转换债券的“期权价值”为基础,利用实物期权思想,提出一个简单的模型对可转换债券的最优转换时点进行研究,并给出相应的模型刻画.