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1.
《Comptes Rendus Mecanique》2019,347(4):318-331
In this essay we explore analogies between macroscopic patterns, which result from a sequence of phase transitions/instabilities starting from a homogeneous state, and similar phenomena in cosmology, where a sequence of phase transitions in the early universe is believed to have separated the fundamental forces from each other, and also shaped the structure and distribution of matter in the universe. We discuss three distinct aspects of this analogy: (i) Defects and topological charges in macroscopic patterns are analogous to spins and charges of quarks and leptons; (ii) Defects in generic 3+1 stripe patterns carry an energy density that accounts for phenomena that are currently attributed to dark matter; (iii) Space-time patterns of interacting nonlinear waves display behaviors reminiscent of quantum phenomena including inflation, entanglement and dark energy. 相似文献
2.
We discuss an error estimation procedure for the global error of collocation schemes applied to solve singular boundary value problems with a singularity of the first kind. This a posteriori estimate of the global error was proposed by Stetter in 1978 and is based on the idea of Defect Correction, originally due to Zadunaisky. Here, we present a new, carefully designed modification of this error estimate which not only results in less computational work but also appears to perform satisfactorily for singular problems. We give a full analytical justification for the asymptotical correctness of the error estimate when it is applied to a general nonlinear regular problem. For the singular case, we are presently only able to provide computational evidence for the full convergence order, the related analysis is still work in progress. This global estimate is the basis for a grid selection routine in which the grid is modified with the aim to equidistribute the global error. This procedure yields meshes suitable for an efficient numerical solution. Most importantly, we observe that the grid is refined in a way reflecting only the behavior of the solution and remains unaffected by the unsmooth direction field close to the singular point. 相似文献
3.
根据生产任务选择加工设备进行制造资源重组是实现可重构制造系统的关键问题之一,由于设备的选择涉及到多种因素,既有定量指标,又有定性指标,传统的依靠人工经验的方法显得力不从心。本文首先结合实际情况,提出了一套设备选择评价体系,通过对模糊判断矩阵采用最小对数二乘法确定各评价因素的权重系数,针对定性指标和定量指标采用不同的方法确定其性能指标值,通过模糊积分对评判指标进行综合评判,最后进行了实例研究。所提出的方法有效地简化了决策过程,为可重构制造系统设备选择提供了一套行之有效的方法。 相似文献
4.
A new family of proximity graphs: Class cover catch digraphs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jason DeVinney 《Discrete Applied Mathematics》2006,154(14):1975-1982
Motivated by issues in machine learning and statistical pattern classification, we investigate a class cover problem (CCP) with an associated family of directed graphs—class cover catch digraphs (CCCDs). CCCDs are a special case of catch digraphs. Solving the underlying CCP is equivalent to finding a smallest cardinality dominating set for the associated CCCD, which in turn provides regularization for statistical pattern classification. Some relevant properties of CCCDs are studied and a characterization of a family of CCCDs is given. 相似文献
5.
数码相机CMOS图像传感器的特性参数与选择 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了数码相机的核心器件———CMOS图像传感器的特性参数和在数码相机设计过程中CMOS图像传感器的选择。选择CMOS图像传感器,不仅需要考虑包括传感器的尺寸、像素总数和有效像素数、最小照度、动态范围、灵敏度、分辨力、光电响应不均匀性以及光谱响应等在内的特性参数,而且还要考虑电源管理和功耗、模数转换位数、开发的简便性以及成本等因素。 相似文献
6.
Most of the methods used in the ARCH literature for selecting the appropriate model are based on evaluating the ability of the models to describe the data. An alternative model selection approach is examined based on the evaluation of the predictability of the models in terms of standardized prediction errors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
E. Hatta H. Hosoi H. Akiyama T. Ishii K. Mukasa 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》1998,2(3):347-349
We have observed a remarkable two-armed spiral in the collapse process of a floating monolayer at the air-water interface
by phase contrast microscopy. This demonstrates that the floating monolayer as a form of soft condensed matter reorganizes
itself due to a certain kind of macroscopic or collective behavior of molecules as it collapses. This pattern formation is
caused by the breakdown of a critical dynamical balance between the deformation of solid domain and the applied surface pressure.
The fragility as well as the flexibility of the floating monolayer can be associated with the observed pattern growth. There
are also observed interesting, periodically arranged collections of molecules in numerous collapsed regions.
Received: 8 July 1997 / Accepted: 4 November 1997 相似文献
8.
Hidetoshi Shimodaira 《Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics》1997,49(3):395-410
The asymptotic error probability of Linhart's model selection test isevaluated, and compared with the nominal significance level. We examine thecase where the expected discrepancies of the candidate models from the truemodel are asymptotically equal. The local alternatives method is employed inthe limiting operation of the asymptotic evaluation. Although the errorprobability under the null hypothesis is actually shown to be equal to orless than the level for most situations, intolerable violations of the errorcontrol are observed for nested models: It is often erroneously concludedthat the smaller model is significantly better than the larger model. Toprevent this violation, a modification of Linhart's test statistic isproposed. The effectiveness of the proposed test is confirmed throughtheoretical analysis and numerical simulations. 相似文献
9.
An approach to dealing with missing data, both during the design and normal operation of a neuro-fuzzy classifier is presented in this paper. Missing values are processed within a general fuzzy min–max neural network architecture utilising hyperbox fuzzy sets as input data cluster prototypes. An emphasis is put on ways of quantifying the uncertainty which missing data might have caused. This takes a form of classification procedure whose primary objective is the reduction of a number of viable alternatives rather than attempting to produce one winning class without supporting evidence. If required, the ways of selecting the most probable class among the viable alternatives found during the primary classification step, which are based on utilising the data frequency information, are also proposed. The reliability of the classification and the completeness of information is communicated by producing upper and lower classification membership values similar in essence to plausibility and belief measures to be found in the theory of evidence or possibility and necessity values to be found in the fuzzy sets theory. Similarities and differences between the proposed method and various fuzzy, neuro-fuzzy and probabilistic algorithms are also discussed. A number of simulation results for well-known data sets are provided in order to illustrate the properties and performance of the proposed approach. 相似文献
10.
我国封闭式投资基金业绩评价实证研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
随着我国基金行业超常发展,恰当的分析和评价基金业绩已越来越重要。本文根据CAPM的基本原理,利用国外先进的基金业绩评价方法对我国封闭式基金的综合业绩进行实证研究。研究结果表明:总体来看,基金获得的市场超额收益显著为负。基金经理不具有证券选择能力,但具有一定的市场择时能力,但这两种能力均不显著。同时,我们还发现不同投资风格的基金经理具有不同的证券选择能力和市场择时能力。 相似文献