便携式X射线荧光光谱仪快速监测重金属土壤环境质量

便携式X射线荧光光谱仪(PXRF)作为一种新型快速测试手段具有突出的应用前景,但也存在检测范围和检测限的局限,为此本文研究PXRF仪器在快速监测土壤环境质量中Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,As和Hg等8种重金属元素的适用性,筛选仪器可检测元素,评价检测结果准确度。具体方法是使用仪器测试重金属污染土壤样品,测试结果与电感耦合等离子体质谱分析方法(ICP-MS)测试值进行对比,评判检测结果精密度,建立PXRF仪器测试值与ICP-MS仪器测试值的线性回归关系。结果表明：(1)在监测重金属土壤环境质量时,PXRF仪器可用于检测土壤中Pb,Zn,Cr和Cu含量,但不适于检测Ni,Cd,As和Hg含量。(2)Pb和Zn测试值稍低于ICP-MS测试值,Cu偏高,而Cr过高;PXRF仪器测试值需要参照标准分析方法进行线性校正。研究结论为：便携式X射线荧光光谱仪适用于Pb,Zn,Cr和Cu等4种重金属的土壤环境质量监测,是一种简单快速、准确可靠的低成本土壤重金属分析手段。该研究的创新之处是合理规避PXRF仪器的缺点,将仪器应用于土壤环境质量监测,提高了测试结果应用价值。     

便携式X射线荧光光谱法在化肥砷、隔、铅、铬、汞快速检测中的应用

为评估便携式X射线荧光光谱法(PXRF)对化肥中砷、隔、铅、铬、汞五种重金属含量测定的可靠性,使用PXRF法分别对4个模拟污染化肥样品,以及在全国11个省、直辖市或自治区抽样的103个化肥样品进行测定,与肥料检测国家标准(GB/T 23349-2020)中实验室分析方法的测定结果进行了比较。结果表明：PXRF法对模拟污染化肥样品中As、Cd、Pb元素测定的准确度在90% ~ 115%之内,相对标准偏差小于10%,对Cr的测定准确度在115% ~ 140%之间,相对标准偏差在3.99% ~ 15.83%之间,对Hg的测定准确度在70% ~139%之间,相对标准偏差在3.68% ~ 9.37%之间。PXRF法测定的结果与实验室分析法所确定的参考值有较好的相关性,R2 在0.8906 ~ 0.9816之间,PXRF法各元素的最低检出含量低于国家标准限值或与之相当。因此PXRF法能满足肥料中五种重金属含量的快速筛查要求,可作为辅助手段用于肥料重金属污染抽查,有效减少抽样量,提高抽样效率。     

PXRF and multivariate statistics analysis of pre‐colonial pottery from northeast of Brazil

Portable system of energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence was used to determine the elemental composition of 68 pottery fragments from ‘Sambaqui do Bacanga’, an archeological site in São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil. This site was occupied from 6600 BP until 900 BP. By determining the element chemical composition of those fragments, it was possible to verify the existence of engobe in 43 pottery fragments. Obtained from two‐dimensional graphs and hierarchical cluster analysis performed in fragments of stratigraphies from surface and 113‐cm level, and 10 to 20, 132 and 144‐cm level, it was possible to group these fragments in five distinct groups, according to their stratigraphies. The results of data grouping (two‐dimensional graphics) are in agreement with hierarchical cluster analysis by Ward method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.