聚合物的热压力系数及内压

本文将我们在前文中提出的修正van der Waals模型, 推广到了液态聚合物中, 从而建立了一个能在宽阔温度范围内准确计算聚合物热压力系数的关系式。式中ν和M分别为聚合物的比体积和链节的摩尔质量, A为聚合物的特性常数。对于本文考察的五种聚合物, 发现它们的链节大小均为聚合物的三个结构单元。     

扩散系数与内压

本文将Eyring的液体粘性流动分子模型推广到了液体混合物,并用热力学方法导出一个无限稀释溶液中溶质的的放散系数与溶剂内压间的关系式.推导表明,扩散所需的空穴大小适为一个溶质分子所占液体的体积.扩散的活化能不仅取决于溶剂对溶质分子的作用能,而且还与在溶剂中形成空穴的难易程度有关.     

Fluid phase equilibrium studies on model substances for supercritical fluid extraction with CO2 up to 100 MPa

Abstract

Multicomponent fluid phase equilibrium data are of increasing interest for applications in Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) where compressed supercritical gases are used for the extraction of low-volatile substances (e.g. caffeine from coffee and tea, hops etc.). Sometimes so-called moderator substances have to be added in order to increase solvent power and/or selectivity. Systematic measurements on a four-component system of the type CO₂ + fatty alcohol (e.g. 1-do-decanol) + alkane (e.g. hexadecane) as a function of the amount of moderator added were performed at 393 K and at pressures from 10 to 100 MPa in an analytical high-pressure cell. Separation factors calculated from the p,T,w/,w, “data are presented and discussed.     

Preparation of Encapsulated Polymer Adhesion Beads and Adhesion with Porous Fibers

Adhesion beads of 10–130 μm, prepared by suspension polymerization, were encapsulated by melamine–formaldehyde. The capsule-type adhesives prepared consist of core and shell structure where the core region is sticky and viscous and the shell region consists of a hard shell at room temperature. The air permeable pads are made by hot pressing the mixture of capsule-type adhesives and porous materials including charcoal chips and Camellia sinensis fibers, which have a porous structure. The interfacial adhesion between polymer adhesion bead and porous fibers after processing shows a good porous sheet structure, which can penetrate air.     

The effect of organoclay on the properties of a reactive hot melt polyurethane adhesive

In order to improve the initial bond strength of a reactive hot melt polyurethane adhesive (RHA), organoclay was added as a modifier. The organoclay caused a viscosity increase as well as a solid-like yield behavior of the RHA in melt state. The enhanced initial and final bond strength and reduced setting time showed that the organoclay improved both the solidification rate after application upon cooling and the bonding interaction. We examined tensile properties and X-ray diffraction patterns of RHAs, and the morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy.     

Preparation of Al(OH)3/Acrylic Copolymer Latex by Emulsion Polymerization

The Al(OH)₃/acrylic copolymer latexes were synthesized through the emulsion polymerization of acrylic monomers, butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate in the presence of surface-functionalized Al(OH)₃ filler particles. The polymerization was stabilized by polyoxyethylene (50) nonyl phenyl ether (NP-1050, nonionic surfactant) and ammonium (POE) alkyl aryl ether sulfate (EU-S133D, anionic surfactant) to produce stable composite latexes. The improved compatibility of Al(OH)₃ surface with acrylic monomers was achieved by the modification with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (γ-MPS). Transmission electron microscopy showed that nano-sized Al(OH)₃ particles were slightly agglomerated in the copolymer latex. When pristine Al(OH)₃ was used as a filler or γ-MPS-modified Al(OH)₃ particles were added above 30 wt% with respect to monomers, unstable latexes were obtained, which were partially precipitated out on standing for prolonged time. The flame retardation effect was not apparent with the incorporation of Al(OH)₃ in the latexes by 30 wt% as shown by LOI test.     

液体的粘度与内压

本文以液体粘性流动的Eyring模型为基础, 由热力学方法建立了一个液体粘度与内压间的关系式, 式中v是活化分子落入空穴的频率; α是一个与液体中形成空穴时所吸收的热与所需能量之比有关的参数, 两者都是液体的特性常数。在引入了某些近似式后, 由这个关系式能够推导出Eyring粘度公式, 与其不同的是推导中假定了空穴的大小等于一个分子所占液体的体积。本文还讨论了液体粘性流动的机理和活化能。     

液体的饱和蒸气压与内压

本文用统计热力学的方法, 建立了液体饱和蒸气压, 与内压间的关系式。对C6H6、CCl4、cy-C6H12、C(CH3)4、n-C6H14和(CH3)2CO等六种液体的检验结果表明, 上述关系式能适用于广阔的温度范围。     

短链聚苯乙烯稀溶液粘度及渗透压行为

本文用动态膜渗透压及粘度法测定了短链聚苯乙烯的分子量Mn, 第二virial系数A2及特性粘数[η], 得到聚苯乙烯(2.5×10^3, 均方末端距以及扩张因子αs均与报道值一致。本工作表明, 分子量大约在400-1.5×10^4之间, 为聚苯乙烯从小分子到高分子的过渡区, 此时短链聚苯乙烯以蠕虫形链存在于溶液中。     

The Active Gravitational Mass of a Heat Conducting Sphere Out of Hydrostatic Equilibrium

We obtain an expression for the activegravitational mass of a relativistic heat conductingfluid, just after its departure from hydrostaticequilibrium, on a time scale of the order of relaxationtime. It is shown that an increase of acharacteristic parameter leads to larger (smaller)values of active gravitational mass of collapsing(expanding) spheres, enhancing thereby the instabilityof the system.