HIRFL–CSR加速器中束流与真空中剩余气体的碰撞损失

研究了重离子加速器中束流与真空中剩余气体的碰撞损失过程和碰撞截面,在依据大量实验数据的基础上,提出了一组计算离子一原子的电荷交换截面的经验公式.以兰州重离子加速器HDRFL及冷却储存环CSR为例,给出了依据碰撞截面的公式计算束流在加速器真空中的传输效率的方法,并计算了在不同真空度下HIRFL的ECR源轴向注入束运线、注入器SFC、前束运线、主加速器SSC和后束运线等不同加速阶段及CSR的传输效率,并提出合理的真空度要求.HIRFL的真空分布测量和束流的损失测量证明了该计算方法的可靠性.     

遥感器CCD驱动器热设计及其在摄像过程中的温度变化

CCD驱动器是航天成像遥感器摄像过程中的主要热源之一。防止CCD驱动器过热是保证其正常工作的重要方面。介绍了遥感器的工作模式和对CCD驱动器采取的热控制措施。通过热平衡试验,利用回归的方法,对CCD驱动器在摄像过程中的温度变化规律进行了分析,同时对热控制效果进行了评估。CCD驱动器工作时升温速率在0.85℃/min左右,整个摄像过程中最高温度约为26℃,所实施的热控制措施效果理想。     

CAHN－2000磁天平的调试与数据处理系统的研制

叙述了ＣＡＨＮ－２０００磁天平（美国）调试过程中如何解决液氮温区的测试，自制了磁天平与计算机的接口，编写了数据采集、处理和控制等高原 软件，节省了几万美元，部分指标超过原配套水平，三年来仪器在对国同外开放过程中，液氮温区的工作一直正常，实测了上千个样品，提供的数据已撰写数十篇文章在国内外刊物上发表。由此说明，要充分发挥进口仪器的使用效率，必须对仪器的工作原理、结构特点有透乇的了解，同时要有相当的自     

Characterization of Food Packaging Films with Blackcurrant Fruit Waste as a Source of Antioxidant and Color Sensing Intelligent Material

Chitosan and pectin films were enriched with blackcurrant pomace powder (10 and 20% (w/w)), as bio-based material, to minimize food production losses and to increase the functional properties of produced films aimed at food coatings and wrappers. Water vapor permeability of active films increased up to 25%, moisture content for 27% in pectin-based ones, but water solubility was not significantly modified. Mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break and Young’s modulus) were mainly decreased due to the residual insoluble particles present in blackcurrant waste. FTIR analysis showed no significant changes between the film samples. The degradation temperatures, determined by DSC, were reduced by 18 °C for chitosan-based samples and of 32 °C lower for the pectin-based samples with blackcurrant powder, indicating a disturbance in polymer stability. The antioxidant activity of active films was increased up to 30-fold. Lightness and redness of dry films significantly changed depending on the polymer type. Significant color changes, especially in chitosan film formulations, were observed after exposure to different pH buffers. This effect is further explored in formulations that were used as color change indicators for intelligent biopackaging.     

高中化学必修课程“变化观念与平衡思想”学科核心素养的系统构成研究

“变化观念与平衡思想”学科核心素养的系统构成对开展“素养导向”的教学与评价具有重要意义。通过课标分析,基于学科能力模型明确了高中必修学段“变化观念与平衡思想”核心素养的核心知识与活动经验、认识方式、研究对象及问题情境、学科能力活动及其表现等4个维度的具体内涵,系统建构了高中化学必修课程“变化观念与平衡思想”学科核心素养模型。     

湍流的诱导及其对瓦斯爆炸过程中火焰和爆炸波的作用

在实验的基础上,研究了管内瓦斯爆炸过程中湍流的诱导及其对瓦斯爆炸过程中火焰和爆炸波的影响作用.研究结果表明,管道面积突变对瓦斯爆炸过程中湍流的产生具有重要影响.管道面积突变(变大、变小)时,产生附加湍流,并使下游火焰气流的湍流度增加,瓦斯爆炸过程中火焰的传播速度迅速提高,并可诱导激波的产生.在80×80mm等截面直管中(瓦斯浓度为理论上最猛烈的爆炸浓度9.5%),瓦斯爆炸最大火焰传播速度为40.8m/s,管内各点均为压力波信号,当管道加装一Φ300mm圆管形成面积突扩11倍和突缩11倍两断面后,面积突扩处(L/D=22)火焰速度增大5.05倍,达到64.4m/s,面积突缩处(L/D=28)火焰速度为156.0m/s, 增大4.55倍,并在L/D=48倍处形成激波(超压1.6976atm、波速416.7m/s),在L/D=98倍处,激波强度最大.在面积突变管内加装加速环可使瓦斯爆炸过程中湍流度加剧,火焰的传播速度更高,激波生成的位置(L/D=28)、最强点位置(L/D=70)均前移,激波强度增大.研究结果对指导现场如何防治瓦斯爆炸,减轻瓦斯爆炸的威力具有一定的指导意义.     

考虑热应变的柔性并联空间机械臂动力学

研究考虑热应变的柔性并联空间机械臂动力学性态。用Jourdain速度变分原理建立各机械臂的动力学变分方程,在此基础上根据各物体之间的运动学约束关系,建立柔性多体系统的微分代数混合动力学方程。数值仿真结果表明,当温度升高时,机械臂的轴向约束力和中心刚体的质心运动速度均出现显著振荡,而适当减小温度变化率,可以有效地控制振幅。     

Obstructions to Existence in Fast-Diffusion Equations

The study of nonlinear diffusion equations produces a number of peculiar phenomena not present in the standard linear theory. Thus, in the sub-field of very fast diffusion it is known that the Cauchy problem can be ill-posed, either because of non-uniqueness, or because of non-existence of solutions with small data. The equations we consider take the general form u_t=(D(u,u_x)u_x)_x or its several-dimension analogue. Fast diffusion means that D→∞ at some values of the arguments, typically as u→0 or u_x→0. Here, we describe two different types of non-existence phenomena. Some fast-diffusion equations with very singular D do not allow for solutions with sign changes, while other equations admit only monotone solutions, no oscillations being allowed. The examples we give for both types of anomaly are closely related. The most typical examples are v_t=(v_x/∣v∣)_x and u_t=u_xx/∣u_x∣. For these equations, we investigate what happens to the Cauchy problem when we take incompatible initial data and perform a standard regularization. It is shown that the limit gives rise to an initial layer where the data become admissible (positive or monotone, respectively), followed by a standard evolution for all t>0, once the obstruction has been removed.     

On a superlinear elliptic p-Laplacian equation

We prove the existence of four solutions for the p-Laplacian equation

     

On copositive approximation in some classical spaces of sequences

In this paper the author writes a simple characterization for the best copositive approximation in c; the space of convergent sequences, by elements of finite dimensional Chebyshev subspaces, and shows that it is unique.