Fractal character of effective Hall properties of a three-dimensional disordered composite

The dependencies of the effective Hall properties on a scale, obtained by means of an iterative averaging method, manifest their fractal character. The influence of an intensity of the Hall effect on the fractal character of the Hall properties was considered. Scale ranges and dimensional characteristics of the effective Hall properties behavior were calculated and discussed.     

C K‐edge NEXAFS study of fluorocarbon formation on carbon anodes in molten NaF–AlF3–CaF2

Operational instability from processes occurring at the anode during the production of aluminum in the commercial Hall‐Héroult process may lead to an increase in undesirable fluorocarbon emissions, higher energy use, and shorter plant life. One contribution to this instability may be the possible formation of a fluorocarbon film at the electrode interface. Here, the surface composition of graphite anodes after electrolysis in molten NaF–AlF₃–CaF₂ at 990 °C is investigated for evidence of fluorocarbon formation using C K‐edge near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure. Fluorocarbon is identified on an anode surface after prolonged anode effect (very high overpotential with increased cell resistance) and also on an anode surface after normal electrolysis without anode effect. This provides evidence that fluorocarbon formation may occur prior to anode effect lowering the surface tension of the anode and therefore resulting in dewetting to contribute to the onset of the anode effect. Confirmation that such compounds form furthers our understanding of electrochemical reactions of graphite with fluoride and of the fundamental processes that occur in an aluminum smelter cell. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Euler's partition theorem and the combinatorics of ℓ-sequences

Euler's partition theorem states that the number of partitions of an integer N into odd parts is equal to the number of partitions of N in which the ratio of successive parts is greater than 1. It was shown by Bousquet-Mélou and Eriksson in [M. Bousquet-Mélou, K. Eriksson, Lecture hall partitions II, Ramanujan J. 1 (2) (1997) 165–185] that a similar result holds when “odd parts” is replaced by “parts that are sums of successive terms of an ℓ-sequence” and the ratio “1” is replaced by a root of the characteristic polynomial of the ℓ-sequence. This generalization of Euler's theorem is intrinsically different from the many others that have appeared, as it involves a family of partitions constrained by the ratio of successive parts.In this paper, we provide a surprisingly simple bijection for this result, a question suggested by Richard Stanley. In fact, we give a parametrized family of bijections, that include, as special cases, Sylvester's bijection and a bijection for the lecture hall theorem. We introduce Sylvester diagrams as a way to visualize these bijections and deduce their properties.In proving the bijections, we uncover the intrinsic role played by the combinatorics of ℓ-sequences and use this structure to give a combinatorial characterization of the partitions defined by the ratio constraint. Several open questions suggested by this work are described.     

磁悬浮演示实验仪

应用电磁学理论、机械力学以及电子技术自制了一套磁悬浮演示实验仪.该演示实验仪利用线性霍尔传感器来探测悬浮物体的位移,以达到控制悬浮的目的,添加数码管电压显示电路,定量显示电磁铁的磁性在悬浮过程中随悬浮物位置变化的自动调整,能精确而直观地演示磁悬浮的物理现象.该仪器结构简单、性能稳定、操作方便,能广泛用于课堂演示、课程设...     

磁场中的拓扑绝缘体边缘态性质

用数值方法研究了拓扑绝缘体薄膜体系在外加垂直磁场 作用下其边缘态的性质. 磁场的加入通过耦合k+eA, 即Peierls势替换关系和 该作用导致的Zeeman交换场体现在哈密顿量中. 考虑窄条圆环状结构的二维InAs/GaSb/AlSb薄膜量子阱材料, 当其处于拓扑非平庸状态, 即量子自旋霍尔态时, 会出现受时间反演对称性保护的两支简并边缘态, 而在垂直磁场的作用下, 时间反演对称性被破坏, 这时能带将形成一条条的朗道能级, 原来简并的两支边缘态也会分开到朗道能级谱线的两侧, 从电子态密度的空间分布情况则可以看到边缘态分别局域在材料的两个边界. 随着磁场的增大, 位于同一边界上的不同 自旋极化的边缘态将出现分离: 一支仍然局域在边缘, 另一支则随外加磁场的增加而有逐渐演化到材料内部的趋势. 文中还计算了同一边界上的两支边缘态之间的散射, 结果表明由于两个边缘态在空间发生分离, 相互之间的散射被很大的压制, 得到了其散射随磁场增加没有明显变化的结论, 所以磁场并不会增强散射过程, 也没有破坏体拓扑材料的性质, 说明了量子自旋霍尔态在没有时间反演对称的情况下也可以有较强的稳定性.     

Li掺杂ZnO纳米棒的导电和发光特性(英文)

利用气相输运方法,在(111)面硅衬底上制备了名义上原子数分数为2%的Li掺杂的ZnO纳米棒(样品A)。作为比较,我们在相同的生长条件下制备了没有任何掺杂的ZnO纳米棒(样品B)。XRD分析测试表明:样品A和样品B中的ZnO纳米棒具有纤锌矿六边形结构,没有其他氧化物,例如Li2O。Hall效应测量表明:样品A导电类型为p型,空穴载流子浓度为6.72×1016cm-3,空穴载流子迁移率为2.46 cm2.V-1.s-1。样品B为n型,电子载流子浓度为7.16×1018cm-3,电子载流子迁移率为4.73 cm2.V-1.s-1。低温光致发光光谱测试表明,样品A和样品B发光峰明显的区别是位于3.351 eV(样品B)和3.364 eV(样品A)处。根据文献报道,在没有掺杂的ZnO中,3.364 eV发光峰源于施主束缚激子发光。通过变温光致发光光谱的测试,证明了在样品A中,位于3.351 eV的发光峰源于受主束缚激子发光,其光学受主能级位于价带顶142meV处。     

Multi-types of Skyrmions in SU(N) Quantum Hall System

The skyrmions in SU(N) quantum Hall (QH) system are discussed. By analyzing the gauge field structure and the topological properties of this QH system it is pointed out that in the SU( N) QH system there can exist ( N - 1)types of skyrmion structures, instead of only one type of skyrmions. In this paper, by means of the Abelian projections according to the (N - 1) Cartan subalgebra local bases, we obtain the (N - 1) U(1) electromagnetic field tensors in the SU(N) gauge field of the QH system, and then derive (N - 1) types of skyrmion structures from these U(1) sub-field tensors. Furthermore, in light of the φ-mapping topological current method, the topological charges and the motion of these skyrmions are also discussed.     

The observation of inherent spin Seebeck effect in Rh/YIG hybrid structure

Rhodium (Rh) is a 4d metal possessing a large spin orbit coupling strength and spin-Hall conductivity with a very small magnetic susceptibility, implying an insignificant magnetic proximity effect (MPE). We report here the observation of longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (LSSE) using Rh as a normal metal. A Rh film was sputtered on nanometer thick YIG films of highly crystalline nature and extremely low magnetic damping to obtain Rh/YIG hybrid structure. A clear thermal voltage V_th (SSE voltage) was obtained when a temperature gradient was applied on the Rh/YIG hybrid. The Rh film showed a very weak anomalous Hall resistance and the magneto-resistive testing clearly ruled out the magnetization of the Rh films via MPE. The anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) revealed a clear spin hall magnetoresistance (SMR) signal in Rh film implying a purely intrinsic spin current generation, free from any parasitic magnetic effects. The work can open a new window in the study of pure and uncontaminated spin current, generated in ferromagnetic insulators, using Rh as spin current detector.     

中国筝的声功率级测试

筝是中国古老的弹弦乐器。但迄今为止,对其声功率级一直未进行科学的测定。本文在一混响室内根据ISO及GB标准,对二十一弦筝的声功率级进行了首次测定。两位资深乐师在混响室内分别演奏各自的乐器,通过围绕乐师和乐器布置的四通道测试设备,对筝所辐射的声功率级和动态范围进行测定。测试结果表明,中国筝在以不同力度演奏单音、音阶和乐曲时所辐射的声功率级及其频率特性均有所不同。考虑到乐器演奏音阶时所辐射的声功率级及其动态范围与演奏乐曲时的声功率级接近,并且,音乐的空间感也大都在乐器以f力度演奏乐曲的强音标志乐段时最为显著,故此我们建议中国筝所辐射的声功率级用其以f力度演奏音阶时的平均声功率级表示。本文测试的两架中国筝以f力度演奏音阶时的平均声功率级为85.9dB。文中不仅首次公布了中国筝声功率级的测试结果,并且所介绍的测试方法对其它乐器声功率级测试也具有借鉴意义。民族乐器所辐射的声音性能的确定是民族音乐厅堂音质研究的基础。     

Distribution of selected monaural acoustical parameters in concert halls

Acoustical parameters calculated from impulse responses are often used to evaluate the characteristics of concert halls. Representative parameters are listed in the Annex of ISO 3382 and the methods of calculation and the minimum number of measurement positions are explained in detail. However, a method for selecting measurement positions is not discussed clearly, because there are wide variations in the characteristics of sound fields. This report provides basic data to solve this problem using spatial distribution characteristics of parameters in halls. Three large-scale measurement campaigns were conducted in which impulse responses were measured at 1427, 180, and 511 locations. Relatively large differences in the obtained parameters compared with well-known difference limens suggest that determining the distributions of parameter values is important. Contour maps are therefore used to display the distributions along with mean values.