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1.
《Comptes Rendus Chimie》2015,18(3):345-350
The combination of kinetic and thermodynamic analyses can provide an in-depth knowledge of the crucial steps of catalyzed reactions. Earlier examples are recalled to stress how a reaction mechanism can be supported or rejected based on trivial reactant and product concentration analyses. The method is then applied to the important reaction of alcohol condensation, the so-called Guerbet reaction, which enables converting ethanol, a renewable feedstock, into higher alcohols. Important conclusions regarding the design of ethanol condensation processes can be drawn, as the main reaction mechanism occurring at high temperatures (ca. 350–420 °C) appears to be different from that proposed at low temperatures (< 250 °C). In the former case, the pathway involving acetaldehyde is negligible, and therefore a multi-step process based on ethanol dehydrogenation followed by acetaldehyde self-aldolization would be irrelevant. 相似文献
2.
Cemil Ibis Sibel Sahinler Ayla Elvira Babayeva 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2020,195(6):474-480
AbstractIn the present study, the reactions of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (DCNQ) with amino-1,2-propanediol and some thiols were investigated. Novel N-, N,S-, and S,O- substituted derivatives were obtained and the structures of all compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass spectroscopy) and microanalysis. The absorption behaviors of novel compounds were also investigated with UV-Vis spectroscopy in different solvents, such as ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and chloroform. 相似文献
3.
Susana Estopiñá-Durán Liam J. Donnelly Euan B. Mclean Bryony M. Hockin Prof. Alexandra M. Z. Slawin Dr. James E. Taylor 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(15):3950-3956
A combination of pentafluorophenylboronic acid and oxalic acid catalyses the dehydrative substitution of benzylic alcohols with a second alcohol to form new C−O bonds. This method has been applied to the intermolecular substitution of benzylic alcohols to form symmetrical ethers, intramolecular cyclisations of diols to form aryl-substituted tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran derivatives, and intermolecular crossed-etherification reactions between two different alcohols. Mechanistic control experiments have identified a potential catalytic intermediate formed between the aryl boronic acid and oxalic acid. 相似文献
4.
Ornella Azzolina Simona Collina Daniela Rossi Enrica Lanza 《Tetrahedron letters》2004,45(7):1355-1357
The diastereoselective synthesis of naphthyl amino alcohols via nucleophilic addition to racemic 1-dimethylamino-2-methylpentan-3-one was studied. The use of the appropriate experimental conditions allowed the synthesis of both diastereoisomers. The relative configurations were established via NOESY experiments. 相似文献
5.
Yoshiro Masuyama Takanori SugaAkiko Watabe Yasuhiko Kurusu 《Tetrahedron letters》2003,44(14):2845-2847
2-Propenyl tin species, prepared from 3-halopropenes or 2-propenyl mesylate with tin(IV) chloride and tetrabutylammonium iodide in dichloromethane, causes nucleophilic addition to aldehydes to produce the corresponding homoallylic alcohols. 相似文献
6.
Melvin Keith Carter 《Journal of molecular catalysis. A, Chemical》2003,200(1-2):191-203
Catalytic air oxidation of the aliphatic hydrocarbons n-decane, hexanes, gasoline and diesel fuel was conducted at ambient temperature with novel iron catalysts. The concentration of n-decane in water was reduced from 1.42 g in 100 ml to 0.07 g in 100 ml in 5 h at room temperature forming carbon monoxide and water by means of intermediate aldehydes. Results of FT–IR and GC–MS analyses demonstrated formation of aldehydes and unsaturated alcohols. Carbon monoxide was detected on catalyst residues and in the vapor phase. The indicated catalytic reaction mechanisms are discussed. 相似文献
7.
The electrocatalytic oxidation of 2-propanol was investigated using on line differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) on electrodeposited Pt and an arrange of bimetallics: Pt0.84Rh0.16, Pt0.70Rh0.30, Pt0.55Rh0.45. It has been observed that the Pt0.84Rh0.16 bimetallic electrode presented the best catalytic activity for 2-propanol electrochemical oxidation. Since 2-propanol is a secondary alcohol, only acetone and CO2 are produced. The total yield of CO2 and acetone has been determined from the DEMS measurements. It is found that acetone is the major product, as reported before for other electrodes. The acetone and CO2 yield depends on the electrode composition. High amount of rhodium in the electrode composition strongly diminish the reaction rate as indicated by the decrease of both the acetone and CO2 yield. However, acetone inhibition is much more intense. The only bimetallic electrode that presents considerable mass spectroscopy signals intensity for CO2 and acetone is the Pt0.84Rh0.16 electrode. This electrode shows a slight increase in CO2 selectivity, compared to the other electrodes studied in this work. Only very low coverages of stable adsorbates were present during the reaction. Two and one carbon adsorbate were observed for all the electrodes. Three carbon adsorbates were detected only for the Pt0.84Rh0.16 electrode. Therefore, acetone production does not require a stable adsorbate. 相似文献
8.
Berit OlofssonPeter Somfai 《Tetrahedron letters》2003,44(6):1279-1281
A large set of syn- and anti-1,2-amino alcohols has been synthesized. Upon comparison of the CH?O and CH?N 1H NMR shifts a general trend has been observed, making it possible to determine the relative configuration of 1,2-amino alcohols without derivatization or shift reagents. 相似文献
9.
《Tetrahedron letters》2004,45(40):7495-7498
A mild and efficient synthesis of β-amino alcohols by aminolysis of epoxides promoted by indium tribromide is described. The methodology is regio- and chemoselective and works well with independence of the epoxide or the aromatic amine used. In addition, the reaction can be carried out in a wide variety of undried solvents under air. 相似文献
10.