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排序方式: 共有649条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Mikhail Vorob''ev 《Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces》2003,31(1-4):133-140
The role of aqueous media in the stabilization of globular proteins and formation of gels was studied by absorption millimeter spectroscopy. This method allowed to measure bound water, the fraction of water which had decreased rotational mobility owing to the presence of solute. Hydration data for globular proteins were compared with data obtained previously for low-weight molecules and groups. It was found that rotational mobility of water molecules in the hydration shells of various kinds of solutes (groups) decreased in the following order: water structure breaking compounds>polar groups>unfolded proteins>globular proteins>non-polar groups. Time courses of the storage modulus were determined for the chemical acidification by glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) of milk samples prepared from skimmed milk powder (SMP). Gelation of unheated milk was a monotonous process that started at pH 4.9. Heat-treated milk from SMP (16 and 14 g per 100 ml) acidified by GDL (3 g per 100 ml) at 43 °C gave non-monotonous kinetics of gelation with two phases corresponding to the mechanisms induced by denatured whey proteins at pH>5 and by casein–casein interactions at pH 4.8–4.9. For heat-treated milk, measurement of bound water gave two stages of decrease in water mobility. Additional hydration of SMP during acidification gave 0.15–0.2 g and 0.8 g bound H2O per gram of SMP for unheated and heat-treated milk, respectively. 相似文献
2.
A chemometric study on the prediction of the main nutritional aspects of milk has been carried out by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) attenuated total reflectance (ATR) measurements of commercially available milk samples of different types. Whole, semi and skimmed milks, enriched or not with calcium, vitamins or modified by alteration of lipid or sugar composition were considered. After evaluating different strategies for data acquisition and ATR cleaning between samples, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was carried out for classification of samples in order to choose the calibration set. The prediction capabilities of partial least squares (PLS) data treatment were evaluated in order to obtain information about total fat, total protein, total carbohydrates (CH), calories and calcium. On using the mean square error of cross-validation and prediction as control variables, a critical evaluation were made about the calibration set to be used, the spectral range to be considered and the data treatment (PLS-1 or PLS-2) to be performed. By selecting a calibration set of 33 samples the properties of 48 samples were predicted with relative precision of triplicates of 0.062, 0.040 and 0.039% w/v for total fat, protein and carbohydrates, and 0.66 kcal/100 ml for calories, and 2.1 mg of Ca/100 ml. The mean difference (dx−y) between predicted and actual values and standard deviation of mean differences (sx−y), were of 0.06 (0.38), 0.03 (0.18) and −0.15 (0.41), being sx−y values between brackets, for total fat, proteins and carbohydrates, 0.06 (3.8) kcal/100 ml for calories and −4.5 (9) mg/100 ml for calcium.The sensitivity and selectivity of the methodology developed were evaluated on terms of the net analyte signal. Selectivity factors ranging from 2 to 7.6% have been calculated for the five parameters considered. 相似文献
3.
Guryca V Pacáková V Tlust'áková M Stulík K Michálek J 《Journal of separation science》2004,27(13):1121-1129
Topography and thickness of hydrophilic polymer coatings of fused-silica capillaries for capillary electrophoresis (CE) were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and profilometry. Three hydrogels, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly(HEMA)], poly(diethylene glycol monomethacrylate) [poly(DEGMA)], and poly(triethylene glycol monomethacrylate) [poly(TEGMA)], were deposited using two procedures, either by simple physical sorption of the polymers, or by derivatization of the capillary wall surface with glycidyl methacrylate (EPMA) followed by polymerization of the appropriate monomers. The performance of the modified capillaries was tested under CE conditions (decrease in the electroosmotic flow, EOF dependence on pH, separation of milk and standard proteins). It has been found that the most important property of the polymer coating is its thickness, whereas its topography and the degree of its hydrophobicity are less significant. Film deposition by physical adsorption is preferable to polymerization on the derivatized surface. 相似文献
4.
While there is a considerable interest in the food industry in determining various analytes using ion-selective electrodes (ISEs), only few reports describe their use for direct measurements in food. In this study, the suitability of glass electrodes and ionophore-based solvent polymeric ISEs for the determination of pH in Process cheese, Cheddar cheese and milk was investigated. The liquid junction potential between a 3 M KCl bridge electrolyte and diluted as well as undiluted Process cheese was found to be negligible. Reference electrodes with ceramic plug and sleeve-type junctions performed well, although precautions needed to be taken to prevent plugging at the junctions. While the protein rennet casein posed no problems in pH measurements, the extraction of neutral lipophilic compounds or hydrophobic peptides into solvent polymeric membranes was evident, resulting in some loss of selectivity for monovalent cations upon exposure to cheese. However, it was found that ISEs based on tridodecylamine (R3N) as ionophore and o-nitrophenyl octyl ether (oNPOE) as plasticizer can be used to accurately measure the pH of milk and, after desensitization of the electrodes in a cheese emulsion, of diluted Process cheese. Since pH measurements with a glass electrode showed that emulsions of cheese moderately diluted to a cheese content of 70% have the same pH as undiluted cheeses, it is possible to determine the pH in cheese with ionophore-based ISEs. R3N membranes also performed well in undiluted milk. 相似文献
5.
Summary A method has been developed for the determination of thirteen phenylurea herbicide residues in milk. It involves one-step solvent extraction of the milk with methanol by ultrasonication. The extract is cleaned up on an Amberchrom resin cartridge. Reversed-phase, gradient elution, high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection at 242 nm is used to analyse the residues. The recovery of thirteen phenylurea pesticides is quantitative, ranging from 71.4% to 97.9% for the individual herbicides investigated at concentrations around 0.05 mg kg–1 and from 65.1% to 95.6% around 0.005 mg kg–1. The method is not associated with any of the emulsion problems common to conventional solvent extraction, which considerably reduce the sample clean-up process compared with existing methods. 相似文献
6.
Ready detection of small amounts of lactulose in dairy products by thin-layer chromatography 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Ready detection of lactulose in milk and in mixtures with other sugars is achieved by diluting the sample ten times with acetone and successive thin-layer chromatographic separation on silica gel-boric acid, developed with acetonitrile: water 5020. The method allows detection of up to 0.02% lactulose on total carbohydrates and permits a semi-quantitative estimation of lactulose in milk. 相似文献
7.
Bjrn E. Berg Ellen M. Hansen Synnve Gjrven Tyge Greibrokk 《Journal of separation science》1993,16(6):358-363
Supercritical carbon dioxide can be utilized both as an introduction solvent in capillary SFC and as a reaction medium; both possibilities are illustrated in this study. An off-line SFE unit was modified for on-line SFE-SFC. To facilitate rapid depressurization of the extraction cell and to prevent memory effects, a 6-port valve was installed at the outlet line of the extraction unit. An increased background signal was obtained when PEEK polymer was used in the construction of the extraction vessel; when stainless steel was used, the blanks improved. The synthesis of methyl esters and butyl esters of fatty acids from triglycerides in edible fat was examined using an immobilized lipase as a catalyst in on-line SFE-SFC. As a result of 30 minutes reaction – extraction time, high yields of fatty acid esters were obtained at a pressure of 150 bar and a temperature of 50°C. 相似文献
8.
We studied thermal transitions and physical stability
of oil-in-water emulsions containing different milk fat compositions, arising
from anhydrous milk fat alone (AMF) or in mixture (2:1 mass ratio) with a
high melting temperature (AMF–HMT) or a low melting temperature (AMF–LMT)
fraction. Changes in thermal transitions in bulk fat and emulsion samples
were monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under controlled
cooling and reheating cycles performed between 50 and –45°C (5°C
min–1). Comparison between bulk fat samples
and emulsions indicated similar values of melting completion temperature,
whereas initial temperature of fat crystallization (Tonset)
seemed to be differently affected by storage temperature depending on triacylglycerols
(TAG) composition. After storage at 4°C, Tonset
values were very similar for emulsified and non-emulsified AMF–HMT blend,
whereas they were lower (by approx. 6°C) for emulsions containing AMF
or mixture of AMF–LMT fraction. After storage at –30°C, Tonset values of re-crystallization
were higher in emulsion samples than in bulk fat blends, whatever the TAG
fat composition. Light scattering measurements and fluorescence microscopic
observations indicated differences in fat droplet aggregation-coalescence
under freeze-thaw procedure, depending on emulsion fat composition. It appeared
that under quiescent freezing, emulsion containing AMF–LMT fraction
was much less resistant to fat droplet aggregation-coalescence than emulsions
containing AMF or AMF–HMT fraction. Our results indicated the role of
fat droplet liquid-solid content on emulsion stability. 相似文献
9.
刘康生 《广东微量元素科学》1998,5(7):59-60
采用自拟的降脂方治疗血胆增高患者63人,并与用月见草油胶丸治疗患者61人比较,前者疗效优于后者,两组有显著性差异。 相似文献
10.
A simple and fast analytical procedure has been developed for the determination of As, Sb, Se, Te and Bi in milk samples by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). Samples were treated with aqua regia for 10 min in an ultrasound water bath and pre-reduced with KBr for total Se and Te determination or with KI and ascorbic acid for total As and Sb, the determination of Bi being possible in all with or without pre-reduction. Slurries of samples, in the presence of antifoam A, were treated with NaBH4 in HCl medium to obtain the corresponding hydrides, and AFS measurements were processed in front of external calibrations prepared and measured in the same way as samples. Results obtained by the developed procedure compare well with those found after microwave-assisted complete digestion of samples. The proposed method is simple and fast, and only 1 ml of milk is needed. The values obtained for detection limit are 2.5, 1.6, 3, 6 and 7 ng l−1 for As, Sb, Se, Te and Bi respectively in the diluted samples, with average relative standard deviation values of 3.8, 3.1, 1.9, 6.4 and 1.2% for three independent analysis of a series of commercially available samples of different origin. Data found in Spanish market samples varied from 3.2±0.3 to 11.3±0.2 ng g−1 As, from 3.1±0.2 to 11.6±0.4 ng g−1 Sb, from 10.7±0.5 to 25.5±0.4 ng g−1 Se, from 0.9±0.2 to 9.4±0.6 ng g−1 Te and from 11.5±0.1 to 27.7±0.4 ng g−1 Bi. 相似文献