使用超声估计肌肉疲劳的初步研究

表面肌电信号把神经肌肉活动和肌肉收缩联系起来，已被视为一种估计肌肉疲劳比较客观的方法，但也存在一些不足。另一方面，超声已广泛应用于医学诊断和研究，在骨骼肌方面也有不少研究报道，但还未见文献报道超声用于肌肉疲劳的估计。本文介绍一套自行开发的新的同步连续采集B超图像、力矩和肌电信号的采集系统，并利用它对肱二头肌的肌肉疲劳进行了估计。试验表明在30秒的肌肉疲劳过程中，肌肉厚度会以非线性的方式增加。     

Superior laryngeal nerve paresis and paralysis

Superior laryngeal nerve paresis and paralysis are relatively common but often difficult to diagnose with certainty. They are most commonly caused by viral infections, though other etiologies must be considered. A thorough history and physical examination, including strobovideolaryngoscopy and laryngeal electromyography, are needed for definitive diagnosis. It is essential to establish the diagnosis accurately to differentiate an apparent superior laryngeal nerve paresis from other conditions, such as myasthenia gravis. Laryngeal electromyography is used to confirm clinical impressions, as a guide for therapy, and as one measure of recovery. In our experience, accurate and early diagnosis assure the best phonatory outcome by directing therapy that will prevent or eliminate compensatory vocal abuses, which may themselves lead to even more serious vocal injury.     

Neuroanatomical model for laryngeal operation

The focus of this presentation is on the development of a neuroanatomical model underlying laryngeal function. It is suggested that the model can be used as an aid to the understanding of the structures that support phonatory output as well as a basis for physiological research on the nature of voice production. Although the postulates are anatomically grounded, the approach utilized also shows that there is ongoing feedback during phonation and, hence, that both the motor and sensory (neural) networks are coordinated during any phonatory activity. Additionally, the discussion serves to review the neuroanatomical interface between respiration and voice.