高能X射线源焦斑尺寸的时间分辨诊断

将门控分幅相机与快闪烁晶体结合,构成时间分辨X射线诊断系统,对神龙一号直线感应加速器产生的高能脉冲X射线源焦斑进行了测量,在时间间隔为10 ns的情况下,获得了焦斑尺寸随时间的变化曲线。在此基础上,设计了单像素尺寸为0.78 mm×0.78 mm的LYSO闪烁晶体阵列,并进行了X射线照射晶体阵列发光的初步实验,结果表明该阵列可用于高能X射线源焦斑的时间分辨诊断,并能显著提高成像的空间分辨力。     

Raman spectroscopic investigation of pure and ytterbium‐doped rare earth silicate crystals

Raman spectroscopy was used to study the molecular structure of a series of selected rare earth (RE) silicate crystals including Y₂SiO₅ (YSO), Lu₂SiO₅ (LSO), (Lu_0.5Y_0.5)₂SiO₅ (LYSO) and their ytterbium‐doped samples. Raman spectra show resolved bands below 500 cm⁻¹ region assigned to the modes of SiO₄ and oxygen vibrations. Multiple bands indicate the nonequivalence of the RE O bonds and the lifting of the degeneracy of the RE ion vibration. Low intensity bands below 500 cm⁻¹ are an indication of impurities. The (SiO₄)⁴⁻ tetrahedra are characterized by bands near 200 cm⁻¹ which show a separation of the components of ν₄ and ν₂, in the 500–700 cm⁻¹ region which are attributed to the distorting bending vibration and in the 880–1000 cm⁻¹ region which are attributed to the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching vibrational modes. The majority of the bands in the 300–610 cm⁻¹ region of Re₂SiO₅ were found to arise from vibrations involving both Si and RE ions, indicating that there is considerable mixing of Si displacements with Si O bending modes and RE O stretching modes. The Raman spectra of RE silicate crystals were analyzed in terms of the molecular structure of the crystals, which enabled separation of the bands attributed to distinct vibrational units. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

影响LYSO∶ Ce晶体余辉强度的几个主要因素

探究了LYSO∶ Ce晶体的余辉现象,以及在不同曝光时间、光照强度下,余辉计数率随时间的变化规律.同时探究了温度对晶体余辉强度的影响,发现加热晶体可以快速缩短余辉持续时间,这一发现为日常的晶体检测和应用带来一定便利.     

Tunable femtosecond near-infrared source based on a Yb:LYSO-laser-pumped optical parametric oscillator

We demonstrate a widely tunable near-infrared source from 767 nm to 874 nm generated by the intracavity second harmonic generation(SHG) in an optical parametric oscillator pumped by a Yb:LYSO solid-state laser. The home-made Yb:LYSO oscillator centered at 1035 nm delivers an average power of 2 W and a pulse duration as short as 351 fs. Two Mg O doped periodically poled lithium niobates(Mg O:PPLN) with grating periods of 28.5–31.5 μm in steps of 0.5 μm and19.5–21.3 μm in steps of 0.2 μm are used for the OPO and intracavity SHG, respectively. The maximum average output power of 180 m W at 798 nm was obtained and the output pulses have pulse duration of 313 fs at 792 nm if a sech2-pulse shape was assumed. In addition, tunable signal femtosecond pulses from 1428 nm to 1763 nm are also realized with the maximum average power of 355 m W at 1628 nm.     

A TOF-PET prototype with position sensitive PMT readout

A prototype of time-of-flight positron emission computed tomography(TOF-PET)has been developed for acquiring the coincident detection of 511 keV γ-rays produced from positron annihilation.It consists of two 80.5 mm×80.5 mm LYSO scintillator arrays(composed of 35 ×35 pixel finger crystals)with the position sensitive photomultiplier tubes R2487 as the readout.Each array is composed of 2 mm ×2 mm× 15 mm finger crystals and the average pixel pitch is 2.30 mm.The measured results indicate that the TOF information has the potential to significantly enhance the image quality by improving the noise variance in the image reconstruction.The best spatial resolution(FWHM)of the prototype for the pairs of 511 keV γ-rays is 1.98 mm and 2.16 mm in the x and y directions,respectively,which are smaller than the average pixel pitch of 2.30 mm.     

A compact positron annihilation lifetime spectrometer

Using LYSO scintillator coupled on HAMAMATSU R9800 (a fast photomultiplier) to form the small size γ-ray detectors, a compact lifetime spectrometer has been built for the positron annihilation experiments. The system time resolution FWHM=193 ps and the coincidence counting rate ～8 cps/μCi were achieved. A lifetime value of 219±1 ps of positron annihilation in well annealed Si was tested, which is in agreement with the typical values published in the previous lectures.     

φ100 mm级Ca∶Ce∶LYSO闪烁晶体生长及闪烁性能研究

为了满足具有飞行时间技术特点的正电子发射断层扫描仪(TOF-PET)对光输出高、衰减时间短以及上升时间快的Ce∶LYSO闪烁晶体的需要,本文采用中频感应提拉法生长φ100 mm×100 mm级Ca∶Ce∶LYSO闪烁晶体。晶体整体无色透明、无包裹体。经过紫外可见分光光度计测试,晶体透过率接近理论值,质量较好。将晶体切割研磨抛光后,分别进行脉冲高度谱、衰减时间能谱等测试。在¹³⁷Cs放射源激发下,Ca∶Ce∶LYSO晶体的光输出达到33 962 ph/MeV,能量分辨率为8.6%,衰减时间达到36.70 ns,均优于Ce∶LYSO晶体。通过对晶体轴向及尾部径向取样,相对光输出和能量分辨率不均匀性分别为±2.4%、±9.4%及±1.18%、±6.8%,证明晶体具有较好的均匀性。     

LYSO∶Ce闪烁晶体的研究进展

铈掺杂硅酸钇镥(LYSO∶Ce)晶体显示出优异的闪烁性能,并在核医学、高能物理及安全检查等领域具有广泛应用。本文综述了LYSO∶Ce闪烁晶体的晶体结构、发光机制、晶体生长存在的主要问题以及LYSO∶Ce晶体可能的发展方向。同时,梳理了LYSO∶Ce晶体生长过程中常见问题及对应的解决方案,并进一步讨论了Ce³⁺占位情况以及Ce⁴⁺与闪烁性能之间的关系。此外还展示了本团队在LYSO∶Ce晶体生长的最新研究成果,使用中频感应提拉炉生长出尺寸为φ95.42 mm×200 mm的LYSO∶Ce闪烁晶体。     

A compact positron annihilation lifetime spectrometer

Using LYSO scintillator coupled on HAMAMATSU R9800(a fast photomultiplier)to form the small size γ-ray detectors,a compact lifetime spectrometer has been built for the positron annihilation experiments.The system time resolution FWHM=193 ps and the coincidence counting rate -8 cps/μCi were achieved.A lifetime value of 219±1 ps of positron annihilation in well annealed Si was tested,which is in agreement with the typical values published in the previous lectures.     

半导体激光器抽运新型高效、调谐Yb∶LYSO激光器

报道了以掺Yb介质硅酸镥钇晶体为增益介质的激光行为。在自由运转的条件下,在1086 nm的中心波长处用2.5%的输出耦合镜得到7.8 W的连续激光输出,相应的斜效率为64%。利用SF14棱镜作为腔内调谐元件,激光输出的调谐范围为1014~1091 nm。