Quantitative characterization of holographic displays based on liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator

This report discusses the effect of speckle size on the quality of holographic images based on a liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulator (SLM). Further, it proposes methods of quantifying the average speckle size and holographic image resolution. These methods enable both characteristics to be compared using the same unit (the number of pixels in the holographic image), providing an intuitive and effective comparative analysis method. In particular, by varying the LCoS resolution ratio, the change in the resolvable minimum pixels of the holographic image is interpreted in conjunction with the average speckle size; moreover, an analysis of the correlation between the latter two is presented. This approach, based on LCoS resolution division, could provide useful insights into single-SLM-based, full-color holographic displays using space division. Furthermore, it could be extended to other components, including more advanced LCoS SLMs, and used to identify the relative effects on image quality with speckles.     

Effects of in situ plasma treatment on optical and electrical properties of index-matched transparent conducting oxide layer

We investigated the effects of in situ plasma-treatment on optical and electrical properties of index-matched indium tin oxide (IMITO) thin film. To render the IMITO-coated surface hydrophilic and study the optical and electrical characteristics, we performed in situ oxygen plasma post-treatment without breaking vacuum. The 94.6% transmittance in the visible wavelength range (400-700 nm) increased on average to 96.4% and the maximum transmittance reached 98% over a broad wavelength range. The surface roughness and sheet resistance improved from 0.9 nm and 200 Ω/sq to 0.0905 nm and 100 Ω/sq, respectively, by in situ plasma post-treatment. We confirmed by contact angle measurement that the hydrophobic IMITO surface was altered to hydrophilic. The improved optical and electrical characteristics of in situ plasma-treated IMITO makes it adequate for high-resolution liquid crystal on silicon displays.     

垂直向列型彩色滤光膜硅覆液晶微显示器的三维光学建模

针对垂直向列型彩色滤光膜硅覆液晶微显示器件中的微型彩色像素建立了三维光学模型. 首先, 对彩色液晶器件的机电特性进行了分析; 其次, 利用扩展琼斯矩阵计算出器件的光反射率; 最后, 采用标准RGB协议将所研究的垂直向列型彩色滤光膜硅覆液晶微显示器件中各像素点的光反射特性还原成彩色图像. 用上述过程所建立的三维光学模型进行了垂直向列型彩色滤光膜硅覆液晶微显示器件的光学特性研究, 并与实验数据进行了比较. 比较结果显示, 模拟得到的垂直向列型彩色滤光膜硅覆液晶微显示器件的光学特性与实验结果非常符合.     

基于互信息的高动态范围成像系统成像质量分析

为了优化高动态范围成像系统的设计,完善地评价系统性能,将信息论应用于高动态范围成像系统中,把高动态范围成像系统看作通信系统,采用端到端的互信息量来评价高动态范围成像系统的成像质量.在COMS采样成像模型的基础上引入空间光调制器反射式硅基液晶的影响,建立了基于互信息的高动态范围成像系统数学模型.利用该模型分析了反射式硅基液晶与CMOS阵列像素数比、像素开口率、相对平移、相对旋转对系统互信息量的影响及造成系统成像质量下降的原因.通过仿真计算,分别得到了像素数比例、像素开口率大小、相对平移量、相对旋转角度与互信息量的相互关系曲线,并定量分析了这些因素变化对系统互信息量的影响程度.仿真结果表明反射式硅基液晶和COMS阵列的最佳匹配条件是：反射式硅基液晶和CMOS像素的占空比尽可能大,CMOS像素尺寸尽可能小,避免相对平移和相对旋转,反射式硅基液晶像素数和CMOS像素数之比为1:1.     

一种三维全息图的数字化实现方法

提出一种实现三维显示的新方法,从两步法彩虹全息基本原理出发,通过分区域分幅的方式对多视角图形的波前进行数字化编码,获得夫琅和费光场分布,在位相型硅基液晶空间光调制器上按视角顺序输入该信息,利用透镜的傅里叶变换特性再现多视角子图像,干涉法逐区域拼接获得完整三维图像.最后通过实验获得了三维图像样品,验证了该方法.本方法可成为三维显示的重要技术手段.     

彩色滤光膜硅覆液晶微显示器的三维光学建模

本文针对彩色滤光膜(color filter, CF)硅覆液晶(liquid crystal on silicon, LCoS)微显示器件(microdisplay)中的微型彩色像素建立了三维光学模型. 这个三维光学建模主要分为三个过程, 即彩色液晶器件的机电特性分析, 利用扩展琼斯矩阵(extended Jones matrix)计算器件的光反射率, 以及采用标准RGB(standard RGB, sRGB)协议将CF-LCoS微显示阵列中各像素点的光反射特性还原成彩色图像. 通过上述过程建立的三维光学模型用于CF-LCoS的光学特性研究并与实验数据进行比较. 比较结果显示, 模拟得到的CF-LCoS微显示器的光学特性与实验结果非常符合.     

Smart pixels in a focal-plane image compression system

Image compressors improve the handling of image data in image-processing systems. In our proposed image-compression system, we employ a smart complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor and an integrated spatial light modulator (SLM) and then the optoelectronic architecture performs a large part of image-compression processes. Each pixel of the integrated SLM consists of multiple modulation pads; the integrated SLM then performs decoding and optical D/A conversion. A paired configuration of the smart CMOS sensor and the integrated SLM transforms optical analog signals into electronic digital signals. A theoretical analysis showed that the error ratio of the proposed systems was 3%.     

The image adaptive method for solder paste 3D measurement system

The extensive application of Surface Mount Technology (SMT) requires various measurement methods to evaluate the circuit board. The solder paste 3D measurement system utilizing laser light projecting on the printed circuit board (PCB) surface is one of the critical methods. The local oversaturation, arising from the non-consistent reflectivity of the PCB surface, will lead to inaccurate measurement. The paper reports a novel optical image adaptive method of remedying the local oversaturation for solder paste measurement. The liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) and image sensor (CCD or CMOS) are combined as the high dynamic range image (HDRI) acquisition system. The significant characteristic of the new method is that the image after adjustment is captured by specially designed HDRI acquisition system programmed by the LCoS mask. The formation of the LCoS mask, depending on a HDRI combined with the image fusion algorithm, is based on separating the laser light from the local oversaturated region. Experimental results demonstrate that the method can significantly improve the accuracy for the solder paste 3D measurement system with local oversaturation.     

基于硅基液晶微显示立体投影光学引擎的设计

从平衡两路图像对比度的角度,采用双硅基液晶(LCoS)芯片设计了一种实用的微型立体投影光学引擎。光学引擎中双LCoS芯片分别用于调制左右眼的图像,一个白光LED作为投影光源,两个标准的MacNeille偏振分光棱镜(PBS)用于产生两路偏振方向相互垂直的高偏振度光束。整个引擎设计简单,结构紧凑,其尺寸约为105mm×28mm×25mm。测量了本设计中光学引擎的各部件的实际参数值,根据所测量的数据通过理论计算得到:左右两光路的对比度完全平衡且均为64…1,光效率均为3.61%,整机的光通量为20lm。     

3D laser scanner system using high dynamic range imaging

Because of its high measuring speed, moderate accuracy, low cost and robustness in the industrial field, 3D laser scanning has been widely used in a variety of applications. However, the measurement of a 3D profile of a high dynamic range (HDR) brightness surface such as a partially highlighted object or a partial specular reflection remains one of the most challenging problems. This difficulty has limited the adoption of such scanner systems. In this paper, an optical imaging system based on a high-resolution liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) device and an image sensor (CCD or CMOS) was built to adjust the image's brightness pixel by pixel as required. The radiance value of the image captured by the image sensor is constrained to lie within the dynamic range of the sensor after an adaptive algorithm of pixel mapping between the LCoS mask plane and image plane through the HDR imaging system is added. Thus, an HDR image was reconstructed by the LCoS mask and the CCD image on this system. The significant difference between the proposed system and a traditional 3D laser scanner system is that the HDR image was used to calibrate and calculate the 3D profile coordinate. Experimental results show that HDR imaging can enhance 3D laser scanner system environmental adaptability and improve the accuracy of 3D profile measurement.