党参花粉多糖的研究

从蜜峰采集的党参花粉中,分离到5种多糖CPA～CPE,经凝胶过滤及电泳法验证了纯度并测定了分子量。对CPA进行了全水解、甲基化分析、NalO_4氧化和Smith降解分析,用旋光法测定了CPA中单糖残基的绝对构型,对CPA的IR、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR及~1H NMR、~(13)C偶合NMR进行了分析,确定了异头碳的构型。对CPA进行了电子显微镜分析,首次在透射电子显微镜下观察并拍摄到了具有串珠状特殊二级结构的多糖照片,经分析得到了CPA二级结构的一些信息。     

Pharmacokinetic comparison of two phenolic acids after oral administration of Typhae pollen to normal rats and rats with acute cold blood stasis

Typhae Pollen, dried pollen of Typha angustifolia L., Typha orientalis Presl or other plants of the same genus (Typhaeceae), has the effect of activating the circulation to cure blood stasis in traditional Chinese Medicine. The purpose of this study was to set up an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography method that could determine p‐ hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid simultaneously in rat plasma, and to compare their pharmacokinetics in normal rats and rats with acute cold blood stasis, and further to investigate the influence of different dosages of oral administration. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained showed that both of the phenolic acids had a higher bioavailability in rats with cold blood stasis than that in normal rats with a higher area under the concentration–time curve and longer mean residence time, and the high dose oral administration group had a higher capacity in blood stasis rats than in normal rats. These results reminded us that changes in health condition could alter the absorption and elimination of both phenolic acids in vivo , and the pharmacokinetic study under pathological conditions provides important information for more rational drug use in clinical situations.     

仿拟及其类型与文体丕变：《金瓶梅词话》的仿拟研究

《金瓶梅词话》的仿拟现象,是这部奇书最引人注目的一个创作特色。以“互文”理论为基础的仿拟研究是对传统素材来源研究的升级,着重于探讨仿拟过程中人物形象、情节片段及诗词韵语等素材的创生性改造。本文从对《金瓶梅词话》的仿拟方式进行初步分类开始,着力探求它如何经由仿拟文本与其自身文本的融会与化合,“以他人之成文,写自己之故事”的写作模式。由此引发的对于小说叙事风格、题旨意蕴乃至文体类型的丕变,使它与其所仿拟的所有类型的文本都产生了差异,这些都昭示出《金瓶梅词话》对传统小说的疏离与演变。同时,仿拟研究对作者、成书过程等等的考证工作,也可以提供别一角度的论据。     

油菜花粉十二肽的二维核磁共振研究

用核磁共振方法对油菜花粉十二肽溶液构象进行了研究。利用２Ｄ ＣＯＳＹ和ＮＯＥＳＹ归属了＾１Ｈ ＮＭＲ谱的全部共振峰。用Ｋａｒｐｌｕｓ方程从肽键Ｎ－Ｈ质子与α－Ｈ质子的偶合常数计算出了所有肽键的二面角θ及Φ，并对其进行不同温度及不同溶剂条件下的观测。结果表明，在水溶液中该肽链为无规卷曲结构，个别肽段存在γ－ｔｕｒｎ构象。     

Identification of phenolic compounds from pollen extracts using capillary electrophoresis–electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry

In this work, a new, easy and rapid method of analyzing phenolic compounds in pollen extract, based on capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrospray ionization time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (CE–ESI–TOF–MS), has been developed. A systematic investigation of separation parameters has been performed with respect to resolution, sensitivity, analysis time and peak shape. The electrophoretic parameters and electrospray conditions must be optimized to obtain reproducible analyses. Using this method, several important phenolic compounds such as acetin-glucoside, 7-O-methylherbacetin-3-sophoroside, galloyl-glucose, quercetin-3-sophoroside, apigenin-6,8-di-C-glycoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside, genistein-7-O-β-D-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside and 2′,4′,6′-trihydroxy-3′-formyldihydrochalcone have been determined directly from pollen extract. The efficiency, the rapidity, the small amounts of sample required, and the high resolution of CE coupled with the sensitivity, the selectivity, the accurate masses and the true isotopic patterns obtained using TOF-MS point to the potential of this approach for identifying the phenolic compounds present in pollen.     

花粉多肽对钙调素的拮抗作用研究

研究了在Ca²⁺存在下荞麦花粉肽及其类似物和丹磺酰标记的钙调素(D-CaM)的相互作用,结果表明,除肽BP-1外,都能与D-CaM结合而形成复合物。利用荧光光谱法测定了这些复合物的解离常数K_d.在所研究的多肽中以BP-13拮抗CaM作用最强,其K_d值为4.6×10^-2μmol/L,抑制钙依赖性磷酸二酯酶活性的IC₅₀为2.2μmol/L.我们还发现,当D-丙氨酸残基取代没有亲和性的BP-1中甘氨酸残基时,其亲和性明显提高。     

Proteomics of cypress pollen allergens using double and triple one-dimensional electrophoresis

Italian cypress (Cupressus sempervirens, Cups) pollen causes allergic diseases in inhabitants of many of the cities surrounding the Mediterranean basin. However, allergens of Cups pollen are still poorly known. We introduce here a novel proteomic approach based on double one‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (D1‐DE) as an alternative to the 2‐DE immunoblot, for the specific IgE screening of allergenic proteins from pollen extracts. The sequential one‐dimensional combination of IEF and SDS‐PAGE associated with IgE immunoblotting allows a versatile multiplexed immunochemical analysis of selected groups of allergens by converting a single protein spot into an extended protein band. Moreover, the method appears to be valuable for MS/MS identification, without protein purification, of a new Cups pollen allergen at 43 kDa. D1‐DE immunoblotting revealed that the prevalence of IgE sensitization to this allergen belonging to the polygalacturonase (PG) family was 70% in tested French allergic patients. In subsequent triple one‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, the Cups pollen PG was shown to promote lectin‐based protein‐protein interactions. Therefore, D1‐DE could be used in routine work as a convenient alternative to 2‐DE immunoblotting for the simultaneous screening of allergenic components under identical experimental conditions, thereby saving considerable amounts of sera and allergen extracts.     

Characterization and discrimination of pollen by Raman microscopy

The chemical characterization and discrimination of allergy-relevant pollen (common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), white birch (Betula pendula), English oak (Quercus robur), and European linden (Tilia cordata)) has been studied by Raman microscopy. Spectra were obtained at different excitation wavelengths (514, 633, and 780 nm) and various methods were examined to minimize the strong fluorescence background. The use of a He–Ne laser (633 nm) for excitation yields high-quality single pollen Raman spectra, which contain multiple bands due to pollen components such as carotenoids, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Multivariate classification, i.e. principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis, demonstrated the validity of the approach for discrimination between different pollen species.     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定蜂花粉中铅、镉和铜

建立蜂花粉中铅、镉和铜3种重金属含量的测定方法。采用浓硝酸和过氧化氢(体积比4:1)混合液对样品进行微波消解,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铅、镉和铜的含量。该方法对花粉样品中铅、镉和铜测定的加标回收率分别为93.3%、101.0%和99.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.1%、6.0%和3.0%,准确度和精密度良好。本法用微波溶样,石墨炉原子光谱法测定铅、镉和铜,具有简便快速、灵敏准确,重复性好的特点,并且节省试剂、污染少。该法可为蜂花粉质量控制提供方法参考。     

基于BP-ANN和PLS的近红外光谱无损检测李果实品质的研究

可溶性固形物(SSC)和可滴定总酸(TA)含量是影响李果实品质的重要指标,经典的破坏性检测方法不适用于果实按品质分级,近红外光谱(NIRS)检测方法具有速度快、操作简便、可无损检测果实品质。为实现NIRS无损快速检测安哥诺李果实可溶性固形物和可滴定总酸含量,利用NIRS采集李果实的漫反射光谱,同时采用糖度计测定安哥诺李果实的SSC,采用滴定法测定了李果实TA含量,使用杠杆值和F概率值剔除异常样品,采用软件优化结合人工筛选光谱波段,使用了消除常数偏移量、减去一条直线、矢量归一化(SNV)、最大-最小归一化、多元散射校正(MSC)、一阶和二阶导数结合平滑处理、一阶导数结合减去一条直线和平滑处理、以及一阶导数结合SNV或MSC校正等光谱预处理方法,分别采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)和主成分分析结合反向传播人工神经网络(BP-ANN)建立李果实SSC、 TA的定量分析模型。结果表明,李果实SSC和TA的最佳PLS建模效果波段范围分别为4 000～8 852和4 605～6 523 cm^-1。SSC的PLS模型的最佳光谱预处理方法为MSC校正,最佳模型校正相关系数(R_...