电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定记号笔笔芯和墨水中铜和铬

报道了使用ICP-AES测定记号笔芯和墨水中的铜和铬的方法。 主要关注了不同的样品前处理方法的研究。 结果表明: 对标记用的油性记号笔笔芯和含有高分子树脂的墨水, 采用550 ℃灰化, 混合酸(V_HNO3∶V_HClO4=3∶1)溶解的方法处理样品, 是该类样品比较好的处理方法; 而对不含有高分子树脂的墨水, 采用直接用混合酸(V_HNO3∶V_HClO4=3∶1)的消解即可。 消解后的样品经稀酸酸化后, 采用ICP-AES测定铜和铬, 结果准确、稳定。该方法适合记号笔或墨水中元素的测定。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法测定油墨中的铅、铬和钡

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定油墨中铅、钡和铬元素的分析方法.实验选用钇作为内标物,以减少背景干扰.结果表明,各元素校准曲线的相关系数均为0.9999,样品相对标准偏差小于5％,加标回收率在96.7％-98.8％之间.实验具有较好的精密度和准确性,适合油墨中铅,铬,钡元素的分析.     

Forensic examination of ink by high-performance thin layer chromatography--the United States Secret Service Digital Ink Library

Forensic examinations of ink have been performed since the beginning of the 20th century. Since the 1960s, the International Ink Library, maintained by the United States Secret Service, has supported those analyses. Until 2009, the search and identification of inks were essentially performed manually. This paper describes the results of a project designed to improve ink samples' analytical and search processes. The project focused on the development of improved standardization procedures to ensure the best possible reproducibility between analyses run on different HPTLC plates. The successful implementation of this new calibration method enabled the development of mathematical algorithms and of a software package to complement the existing ink library.     

Influence of un-cured PDMS chains in stamp using PDMS-based lithography

We present the compatibility of elastomeric stamp, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), with inks for non-photolithography. This ink limitation is important in considering the lamination of hydrophilic solution on the patterned ink surface using an elastomeric stamp. We focus on an increase of the hydrophobicity of the patterned surface due to diffusion of low molecular weight (LMW) silicone polymer chains. This hydrophobicity increases inversely with the PDMS–ink interaction parameter (χ), which is correlated with the solubility parameter (δ). This study's results translate into proposed design factors for ink used in the patterned functional layer for PDMS-based lithography. Both the XPS and the contact angle measurement show that the hydrophobicity can be increased by LMW PDMS chains transfer from stamps, and this increase can cause the expansion of the free volume in PDMS pores through a swelling effect.     

Measurement of force components for ink detachment of newsprints

Ink detachment tests were carried out using a Couette device. During the test, the energy supplied to the operation of the device partially dissipated as heat. The fraction of energy dissipated increased with pulp consistency. The fraction of energy for peeling and pulling the ink from the printed samples were calculated. At 4% consistency, the energy for pulling was much higher than for peeling, while at higher consistencies, the peeling effect became more significant. The ink detachment was highly dependant on how the pulp interacted with the printed surface. This interaction was influenced by pulp consistency and the energy applied to the rotor of the Couette device. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chemical and statistical characterization of selected documents from the archives of the Palazzo Ducale (Venice, Italy)

Inks and paper are the main materials and components of library and archive collections. Since the beginning of paper and ink production empirical recipes have been followed, but in the 19th century with the transformation of Europe during the Industrial Revolution, the continent became the main leader for the discovery of new products and new industrial production processes. The aim of this study is to shed light on paper and ink production processes during this key historical period. In this study we have chosen some documents preserved in the archive of the Soprintendenza dei Beni Architettonici e Paesaggistici (B.A.P.) di Venezia e Laguna, held in the Palazzo Ducale (Ducal Palace) of Venice. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) allowed us to obtain a qualitative and quantitative characterization of the organic and inorganic components in both paper and inks. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed for statistical analysis of the results.     

Differentiation and dating of red ink entries of seals on documents by HPLC and GC/MS

A novel approach for differentiation and dating of red ink entries of seals on documents was developed based on ion‐pairing HPLC (IP‐HPLC) and GC/MS. Sixty‐nine red ink pastes of seals were collected and the chromatographic conditions for separation of the dye components by IP‐HPLC and the volatile additives by GC/MS in the ink entries were optimized. According to the dye components and additives, the ink entries were classified by HPLC with a multi‐wavelength UV detector. The volatile components of the inks were identified by GC/MS and the classification of the ink entries was also investigated based on these volatile additives. The results showed that most of the ink entries of the seals can be differentiated by combining HPLC with a multi‐wavelength detector and GC/MS methods. The degradation of the standard dye mixtures and the compositional changes of the ink entries of seals were investigated in light or natural aging conditions. The results indicated that the dye components decomposed in light or natural storage conditions, while the rates of the degradation depended on the structures of the dye components, the aging conditions, even the additives of the ink pastes. The results also showed that there existed good relationships between the compositional changes of the ink entries and the aging time, which can provide scientific evidences and valuable clues for dating of the ink entries.     

Preparation of CuInS2 Thin Film Using Sulfides Nanoparticle Precursor Ink

A low cost spin coating route of fabricating CuInS₂ polycrystalline thin films by reactive sin-tering method was put forward. The ink for spin coating was optimized by pre-reducing the precursor powders in hydrogen, which turned the nanoparticle precursor powders from mixed sulfides into a mixture of CuInS₂ and Cu-In metal alloys. The results of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectra showed that this optimization could highly improve the performance of CuInS₂ polycrystalline thin films, including higher packing density, less impurity phases, and better quality. The en-ergy gap of optimized CuInS₂ thin film was determined to be about 1.45 eV by absorption spectroscopy measurement.     

Carbon Powder Based Films on Traditional Solid Electrodes as an Alternative to Disposable Electrodes

The covering of conventional solid electrode with a film using an ink containing a conductive powder and a polymer enables to broaden the potential window of the original solid electrode. A solid silver amalgam electrode covered with such a film exhibits a potential window from ?600 mV to +1400 mV vs. SCE reference electrode. The renewal of the film is fast and simple: the electrode can be simply wiped with a filter paper to remove the old film and immersed into an ink solution or 1–2 μL of this ink solution can be applied to the surface of the electrode with a micro dispenser to form a new film. Therefore, just the inexpensive film at the electrode surface is disposable and there is no need to dispose the whole, more expensive electrode. Moreover, when a suitable electrochemical pretreatment of the film electrode is applied, the same film can be used for reproducible measurements for several days.