二甲胺修饰戊二醛交联壳聚糖树脂的制备及性能

研究了在均匀水相介质条件下，采用戊二醛稀溶液制备交联壳聚糖树脂的方法，并以三聚氯氰为活化剂，合成了二甲胺修饰戊二醛交联壳聚糖树脂．研究了该树脂的红外光谱及吸附性能．该树脂对铜(Ⅱ)和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的吸附容量分别为42mg／g(干)和940mg／g(干)，其吸附行为均符合Freundlich等温吸附模型．该树脂制备工艺简单，机械强度较好，可作为金属离子或蛋白质分离纯化的吸附剂和色谱填料．     

Electroenzymatic reactions with sorbitol dehydrogenase on gold electrodes

Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) originating from recombinant Escherichia coli cells is immobilized on gold electrodes. First of all, (4-carboxy-2,5,7-trinitrofluorenyliden)malon-nitrile (CTFM) is adsorbed on the surface as mediator. In a second step, the cofactor β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is immobilized on the gold electrode. Due to the formation of a complex between the mediator and the cofactor, the electron transfer rate can be enhanced by adding calcium ions to the buffer. The immobilization of NAD⁺ and SDH on the surface has been achieved by cross-linking with the glutaraldehyde/bovine serum albumin system. The successful biofunctionalization is monitored by cyclic voltammetry.Paper presented at the “Jahrestagung der Fachgruppe Angewandte Electrochemie der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, Düsseldorf, 11.-14.09.2005”.     

Effect of glutaraldehyde on the activity of some DNA restriction endonucleases

The effect of the bifunctional crosslinking reagent glutaraldehyde on the activity of the restriction enzymes Bam HI,Hind III, EcoRI, and Tthlll I was investigated. The four enzymes exhibited differential sensitivity to inactivation. Tthlll I was the most sensitive, with activity losses occurring at levels of 0.0025% and above.Hind III was the most stable of the four and remained fully active at concentrations as high as 0.075%. Addition of BSA to incubation mixtures generally had a stabilizing effect. Implications of these results for the design of glutaraldehyde-based methods for the immobilization of restriction endonucleases are discussed.     

一步法合成微-介孔多级孔道金属-有机骨架固载磷钨酸催化剂及其催化性能

磷钨酸具有酸性,而且具有氧化还原性,是一种多功能的新型催化剂,具有很高的催化活性,稳定性好,既可作均相催化剂,也可做多相催化剂.磷钨酸作为多相催化剂主要负载于无机氧化物、介孔分子筛、活性炭和离子交换树脂等材料中,然而这些多相催化剂存在着结构不明确,磷钨酸分散不均、易流失、活性点易中毒等问题.为了克服以上问题,需要寻找更加合适的载体来制备新颖的负载型的磷钨酸多相催化剂,金属-有机骨架的独特性质,使该材料成为一种优良的催化剂载体.金属-有机骨架(MOFs)又称配位聚合物,是指由金属离子与有机配体通过配位键和其他一些弱作用力连接而成的具有超分子微孔网络结构的一种颇具应用前途的类沸石材料.这种材料具有丰富的孔结构和很大的比表面积,同时具有孔结构规整、孔径大小设计可调、表面化学基团修饰可调等优点,使得它在吸附分离、多相催化、环境保护等领域具有很好的应用前景. HKUST-1(Cu-BTC或MOF-199)是该领域内研究和应用较多的一种金属-有机骨架材料,它最早由香港大学Williams教授课题组报道,其为面心立方晶体.在结构中,每个Cu2簇与四个均苯三甲酸相连,每个均苯三甲酸桥连着三个Cu2簇,形成轮浆式次级结构单元.这些次级结构单元相互交错连接形成3D网络结构,具有孔径约为0.9 nm ×0.9 nm的正方形孔道,孔道中的客体分子可以除去,并可以为其它的客体分子所置换. HKUST-1本身即是一种优良的催化剂,同时也可作为一种性能稳定的催化剂载体.目前,关于HKUST-1在催化领域中的应用主要限制在微孔范围,其较小的孔道不利于物质扩散和传输,从而限制其实际应用.本论文利用超分子模板法,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂、铜为金属中心、均苯三甲酸为有机配体、磷钨酸(HPWs)为活性组分,采用一步水热法合成微-介孔多级孔道金属-有机骨架固载磷钨酸催化剂HPWs@Meso-HKUST-1,详细研究了该催化剂对环戊烯选择氧化制备戊二醛的催化性能,并采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、N2吸附、透射电镜(TEM)和室温CO原位吸附红外(CO-FT-IR)等表征手段对HPWs@Meso-HKUST-1催化剂进行了结构表征,从而解释该催化剂对目标反应具有优良催化性能的本质原因. N2吸附表征结果说明, HPWs@Meso-HKUST-1催化剂的吸附-脱附曲线在低相对压力范围内呈现I型吸附等温线,在高相对压力范围内呈现具有H2型滞后环的IV型吸附等温线;催化剂独特的吸附等温线表明以CTAB为模板剂,采用一步水热合成法可以得到具有微孔和介孔多级孔道的催化剂材料.催化剂的比表面积和孔容随着磷钨酸含量的增加而减少,结合文献报道,可以得出一步水热合成法使活性组分HPWs分布在载体的介孔孔道内. XRD和FT-IR测试结果表明,一步水热合成法可以成功的将HPWs引入HKUST-1中,且HPWs高度分散在载体中; HPWs@Meso-HKUST-1催化剂保持了载体HKUST-1的骨架结构.小角XRD和TEM结果说明,催化剂的多级孔结构为无序蠕虫状介孔组织.室温CO-FT-IR说明,在HPWs@Meso-HKUST-1催化剂中, HPWs提供了不同于载体HKUST-1的L酸酸性位.从以上结果可以得出,一步水热合成法使HPWs包裹在载体的介孔孔道内,防止了HPWs的流失,使HPWs@Meso-HKUST-1催化剂为环戊烯选择氧化制备戊二醛提供了大量的、高度分散的、具有L酸酸性位的活性中心,且催化剂的介孔孔道有利于反应物和产物的扩散,从而使该催化剂表现出优良的催化性能;在优化条件下,环戊烯的转化率达到92.5%,戊二醛的得率达到78.9%;热过滤实验表明该催化剂是真正的多相催化剂,且至少可以重复使用3次.     

规整中孔TiO2微球的均相沉淀合成及其在环戊烯氧化反应中的应用

TiO2作为重要的功能性环保无机材料, 因具有特殊的光电性质和物化性能而广泛应用于介(压)电材料、涂料及催化等领域[1～3]. 戊二醛(Glutaraldehyde)是一种重要的精细化学品, 但其生产工艺复杂、条件苛刻. 邓景发等[4]成功开发了以环戊烯为原料, 双氧水为氧化剂, 均相钨酸为催化剂的新型一步法合成路线, 工艺操作简单, 降低了生产成本. 但由于均相催化剂分离复杂, 其固载化方法正在研究中[5～7]. 本文以TiCl4为前驱体, 在均相醇-水热体系中首次合成了高比表面积和规整中孔结构的TiO2微球(约3.6 μm), 其外壳约100 nm, 空隙壳层约300 nm. 考察了制备条件对TiO2微球结构的影响, 并采用孔分布, XRD, SEM及TEM等手段对该TiO2微球进行了表征, 同时考察了TiO2微球负载的WO3催化剂在环戊烯催化氧化合成戊二醛中的反应行为, 并与其它载体进行了比较.     

以戊二醛为间隔臂的万古霉素键合手性固定相制备

基于戊二醛具有双官能团、高反应活性的特征,以其为间隔臂将万古霉素键合到氨基二氧化硅填料表面,制备了万古霉素键合手性固定相,制备方法简单易行。采用元素分析及扫描电子显微镜对制备的万古霉素键合手性固定相进行了表征。在高效液相色谱分离模式下,分别对谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、苯丙氨酸和异亮氨酸等4种手性氨基酸和手性药物罗格列酮进行拆分,其中谷氨酸和罗格列酮的分离度分别达到了2.0和2.3。系统考察了流动相条件对对映体拆分的影响,证实有机改性剂、缓冲液种类和浓度、pH值及温度对所测样品的保留行为和手性选择性均有显著影响。     

Simple method for detection of extremely diluted anti beta-casein antibodies from glass bead based receptors

The current work describes the elaboration of a simple, sensitive and reliable β-casein modified glass beads, for the detection and quantification of its specific antibody anti β-casein. This is an elementary receptor without electronic part, developed by grafting glass bead surface with the antigenic β-casein via 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane and then glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. The whole is realized by a classical process, called in two steps and in mild conditions where chemical protocol is optimized for β-casein use. The detection and quantification of the specific reaction antibody-receptor is carried out by the technique of the second antibody labeled with horse radish peroxidase (HRP). Our receptor can detect the β-casein antibody present in the serum at dilutions up to a factor 10⁷ in strong ionic strength medium. The same antibody of the same serum and in the same conditions can be detected by ELISA test at dilutions up to a factor 10⁵. The whole test, after our receptor realization, takes about 5 h.     

Tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine,P(CH2OH)3 – A convenient and effective new reagent for the fixation of protein samples for SEM imaging

Tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine [P(CH₂OH)₃, THP] is demonstrated to be an alternative fixative to glutaraldehyde for preparation of proteinaceous specimens for SEM analysis. THP is easily prepared from commercially-available [P(CH₂OH)₄]Cl, and unlike many other alkylphosphines, is reasonably air-stable [>7 days at pH 7–8]. Experiments carried out with chicken breast muscle, cross-sectioned perpendicular to the muscle fibres and imaged using SEM, indicate that THP effectively fixes the muscle structure with minimal discolouration of the sample.     

Studies of Permeabilities of Metallic Ions Through Crosslinked Chitosan Membranes

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Copper adsorption on magnetite-loaded chitosan microspheres: A kinetic and equilibrium study

A composite of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and the biopolymer chitosan, chemically crosslinked, was prepared as microspheres and used to adsorb copper ions, which were chosen as a model of contaminant metal in water.