新生MnO2对酸性媒介黑T的吸附

以化学法合成的新生MnO2为吸附剂，对水中酸性媒介黑T（染料之一）进行了吸附脱色研究，并探讨了影响吸附的因素。结果表明，酸性媒介黑T的脱色率达95%。且PH是影响染料脱色的主要因素。     

Use of headspace capillary GC to study the development of volatile compounds in fresh fruit

The composition of volatile compounds produced by fruit during growth and post-harvest storage and ripening has been studied and the different headspace methods compared. Static and dynamic headspace sampling have been compared and evaluated according to their capacity to collect and concentrate volatiles from the atmosphere surrounding the fruits, and FID, MSD, and organoleptic detection have been compared. The results emphasize that the headspace sampling procedure selected is crucial to the performance of subsequent analysis.     

Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots and Their Application in Ascorbic Acid Detection

Water-soluble fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using citric acid as the carbon source and ethylenediamine as the nitrogen source. The repeated and scale-up synthetic experiments were carried out to explore the feasibility of macroscopic preparation of CDs. The CDs/Fe³⁺ composite was prepared by the interaction of the CDs solution and Fe³⁺ solution. The optical properties, pH dependence and stability behavior of CDs or the CDs/Fe³⁺ composite were studied by ultraviolet spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Following the principles of fluorescence quenching after the addition of Fe³⁺ and then the fluorescence recovery after the addition of asorbic acid, the fluorescence intensity of the carbon dots was measured at λex = 360 nm, λem = 460 nm. The content of ascorbic acid was calculated by quantitative analysis of the changing fluorescence intensity. The CDs/Fe³⁺ composite was applied to the determination of different active molecules, and it was found that the composite had specific recognition of ascorbic acid and showed an excellent linear relationship in 5.0–350.0 μmol·L⁻¹. Moreover, the detection limit was 3.11 μmol·L⁻¹. Satisfactory results were achieved when the method was applied to the ascorbic acid determination in jujube fruit. The fluorescent carbon dots composites prepared in this study may have broad application prospects in a rapid, sensitive and trace determination of ascorbic acid content during food processing.     

化学计量学二阶校正方法结合高效液相色谱用于蜂蜜中10种酚酸类物质的快速定量分析

利用化学计量学二阶校正方法结合高效液相色谱对枣花蜜中10种酚酸类物质的快速定量分析进行了研究。首先通过验证样本研究了所建立模型的准确性。结果显示：10种酚酸类物质的线性相关系数（R）为0.9982~0.9999,平均回收率为97.6%~101.1%,说明所建立的模型稳定可靠。其次,通过模拟蜂蜜试验,确定了固相萃取柱的种类及操作条件（HLB柱,酸化水淋洗,甲醇洗脱）。最后,利用模拟蜂蜜得到的最优条件结合化学计量学二阶校正方法,测定了枣花蜜中10种酚酸类物质的含量,并测得其加标回收率为62.1%~93.8%,考虑到目标分析物的种类较多,且蜂蜜基质极为复杂,该结果基本满足要求。另外,还利用统计与品质因子验证了试验方法的可靠性,结果令人满意。该方法具有简单、快速等优点,可用于复杂基质中多种目标分析物的同时定量分析。     

Inactivation of foodborne pathogens based on synergistic effects of ultrasound and natural compounds during fresh produce washing

Ultrasound has potential to be used for disinfection, and its antimicrobial effectiveness can be enhanced in presence of natural compounds. In this study, we compared the antimicrobial effects of ultrasound at 20 kHz (US 20 kHz) or 1 MHz (US 1 MHz) in combination with carvacrol, citral, cinnamic acid, geraniol, gallic acid, lactic acid, or limonene against E. coli K12 and Listeria innocua at a constant power density in water. Compared to the cumulative effect of the individual treatments, the combined treatment of US 1 MHz and 10 mM citral generated >1.5 log CFU/mL additional inactivation of E. coli K12. Similarly, combined treatments of US 1 MHz and 2 mM carvacrol (30 min), US 20 kHz and 2 mM carvacrol, 10 mM citral, or 5 mM geraniol (15 min) generated >0.5–2.0 log CFU/mL additional inactivation in L. innocua. The synergistic effect of citral, as a presentative compound, and US 20 kHz treatment was determined to be a result of enhanced dispersion of insoluble citral droplets in combination with physical impact on bacterial membrane structures, whereas the inactivation by US 1 MHz was likely due to generation of oxidative stress within the bacteria. Combined ultrasound and citral treatments improved the bacterial inactivation in simulated wash water in presence of organic matter or during washing of inoculated blueberries but only additive antimicrobial effects were observed. Findings in this study will be useful to enhance fresh produce safety and shelf-life and design other alternative ultrasound based sanitation processes.     

外源性加硒法增加枣中硒含量的研究

以不同深度硒溶液对枣树进行不同次数的叶面喷施,得到了不同硒含量的枣样品,用荧光光度法测定了样品中硒的含量。结果表明,与对照组相比,用外源性加硒法可明显提高枣中硒的含量;并且可通过调节喷施液浓度和喷施次数,得到硒含量适宜的成熟小枣。     

Sensitive Determination of the Diquat Herbicide in Fresh Food Samples on a Highly Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode

The highly boron‐doped diamond electrode (HBDD) combined with square wave voltammetry (SWV) was used in the development of an analytical procedure for diquat determination in potato and sugar cane samples and lemon, orange, tangerine and pineapple juices. Preliminary experiments realised in a medium of 0.05 mol L^?1 Na₂B₄O₇ showed the presence of two voltammetric peaks around ?0.6 V and around ?1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl/Cl^? 3.0 mol L^?1, where the first peak could be successfully used for analytical proposes due the facility in the electrode surface renovation. After the experimental and voltammetric optimisation, the calculated detection and quantification limits were 1.6×10^?10 mol L^?1 and 5.3×10^?10 mol L^?1 (0.057 µg L^?1 and 0.192 µg L^?1, respectively), which are lower than the maximum residue limit established for fresh food samples by the Brazilian Sanitary Vigilance Agency. The proposed methodology was used to determine diquat residues in potato and sugar cane samples and lemon, orange, tangerine and pineapple juices and the calculated recovery efficiencies indicated that the proposed procedure presents higher robustness, stability and sensitivity, good reproducibility, and is very adequate for diquat determination in complex samples.     

新生MnO2对直接耐晒蓝脱色的分光光度研究

本文研究了用新生MnO2作吸剂，对水中直接耐晒蓝（B2RL）染料进行脱色的特性，探讨了影响吸附的因素，并给出适宜的吸附条件，在本试验条件下可使B2RL脱色主达95％。     

离子色谱法测定液体乳制品中硫氰酸盐

提出了离子色谱法测定液体乳中硫氰酸盐的方法。鲜奶或酸奶样品经乙腈提取和C18固相萃取柱净化后,再经Ion Pac AG11-HG保护柱及Dionex ICS-3000分离柱分离,由70 mmol.L-1氢氧化钾溶液洗脱,利用电导检测器检测。硫氰酸盐的质量浓度在0.20～10.0 mg.L-1范围内呈线性,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.08 mg.L-1。方法用于鲜奶和酸奶样品分析,回收率在92.5%～104.5%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于4.5%。     

高光谱数据对损伤长枣的检测判别

灵武长枣作为宁夏优势特色枣果,具有重要的经济社会价值和科学研究意义。利用可见近红外(Vis/NIR)高光谱成像系统采集60颗完整长枣光谱图像,然后利用损伤装置对60颗完整长枣进行损伤实验,最终得到60颗损伤（内部瘀伤）长枣,高光谱成像系统采集损伤后五个时间段（损伤后2,4,8,12和24 h）长枣的光谱图像。对采集的长枣光谱图像用ENVI软件提取感兴趣（ROI）区域,并计算完整长枣和每个时间段长枣的平均光谱值。原始光谱利用Savitzky-Golay平滑的一阶导数（SG-1）和二阶导数（SG-2）、标准正态变换（SNV）和去趋势（Detrending）、以及SNV-SG-1、SNV-SG-2、Detrending-SG-1、Detrending-SG-2算法进行预处理,原始光谱和预处理光谱建立偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）分类模型。选择最优的预处理光谱数据,利用连续投影算法（SPA）、间隔随机蛙跳（IRF）、无信息消除变量（UVE）、变量组合集群分析法（VCPA）、区间变量迭代空间收缩法（IVISSA）和IRF-SPA、UVE-SPA、IVISSA-SPA等算法进行特征变量选择,对选择的特征变量建立PLS-DA、线性判别分析（LDA）和支持向量机（SVM）分类判别模型。结果表明,在原始光谱建立的PLS-DA模型中,模型校正集和预测集准确率分别为82.96%和90%。光谱经过预处理后得到SNV-SG-2-PLS-DA为最优分类判别模型,模型校正集和预测集准确率分别为91.11%和96.67%。在特征变量建立的分类模型中,SNV-SG-2-UVE-PLS-DA模型校正集和预测集准确率分别为86.3%和94.44%;SNV-SG-2-SPA-LDA模型校正集和预测集准确率分别为86.3%和83.33%;SNV-SG-2-UVE-SVM模型校正集和预测集准确率分别为77.78%和71.11%。对于分类模型来说线性分类模型（PLS-DA、LDA）分类结果优于非线性分类模型（SVM）分类结果,在线性分类模型结果中PLS-DA优于LDA分类结果,PLS-DA可以更好的提供分类效果。研究表明,利用高光谱结合偏最小二乘判别分析分类模型,可以有效的实现灵武长枣损伤后随时间变化的快速检测,为灵武长枣在线检测提供理论依据。