Analysis of forchlorfenuron and thidiazuron in fruits and vegetables by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy after selective solid‐phase extraction with modified β‐cyclodextrin

β‐Cyclodextrin and its derivatives can selectively bind to various organic molecules in its cavity and provide good applications in sample preparation. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a sensitive technique and has received increasing attention in the last decade. Herein, 3,5‐dimethyl phenyl carbamoylated β‐cyclodextrin bonded silica gel was used as a ssorbent in solid‐phase extraction to selectively enrich forchlorfenuron and thidiazuron followed by determination with surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy. It showed excellent selectivity for forchlorfenuron and thidiazuron and the adsorption capacities were 40.0 and 30.0 μg/g, respectively. A rapid and sensitive method based on the modified β‐cyclodextrin solid‐phase extraction coupled with surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy was developed. The linear ranges were 30.0–300.0 μg/L for forchlorfenuron and thidiazuron at 1005 and 640 cm^?1, respectively. Both of the limits of detection were 15.0 μg/L, which were significantly lower than the maximum permitted by the National Standard. The recoveries of forchlorfenuron and thidiazuron were 78.9–87.9% for the spiked grape, kiwi, cucumber and tomato, with relative standard deviations of 8.1–13.2%. The results show that this method is sensitive, selective, and relatively time saving, and has great potential in the analysis of trace amounts of plant growth regulators in fruits and vegetables.     

基于二维相关技术的氯吡脲拉曼光谱分析

氯吡脲作为一种苯脲类生长调节剂,被广泛应用于果蔬中,但是氯吡脲若过量使用,会严重影响果蔬的内在质量,且摄入过多会影响人的身体健康。现有的检测方法,虽然技术上成熟、精度高,但技术条件要求高、样品预处理过程复杂、耗时、检测费用高。利用二维相关拉曼光谱技术对乙酸乙酯中氯吡脲的浓度变化进行检测研究,建立一种灵敏、快速、高效的检测果蔬中氯吡脲的技术提供理论基础,对食品安全具有重大意义。采集氯吡脲粉末的拉曼光谱图,结合氯吡脲分子的结构图可对拉曼光谱谱图中的峰进行归属。配置浓度分别为2.5,5.0,7.5,10.0,12.5,15.0,17.5和20.0 g·L-1的氯吡脲乙酸乙酯溶液并采集拉曼光谱,对不同浓度的氯吡脲乙酸乙酯溶液的光谱数据进行二维相关分析,得到氯吡脲的拉曼二维相关同步谱图和异步谱图,分析同步谱图得出842, 992, 1 044, 1 442和1 604 cm-1的几处交叉峰具有协同作用,随着氯吡脲浓度的升高而升高;分析异步谱图得出交叉峰敏感性为1 044 cm-1>992 cm-1>842 cm-1,1 735 cm-1>1 604 cm-1>1 442 cm-1,842 cm-1>1 735 cm-1。结果表明,乙酸乙酯中氯吡脲的拉曼特征吸收峰分别为842,992,1 044,1 442,1 604和1 735 cm-1,其中1 044 cm-1（苯环的环伸缩振动）、992 cm-1（吡啶环的环呼吸振动）、842 cm-1（C-O-N假对称的伸缩振动）、1 735 cm-1（C=O伸缩振动）对氯吡脲浓度变化比较敏感,敏感度顺序为苯环的环伸缩振动>吡啶环的环呼吸振动>C-O-N假对称的伸缩振动>C=O伸缩振动>多个耦合峰的C=C伸缩振动>C-H的变形振动。拉曼光谱与二维相关技术相结合可以准确地反映出氯吡脲随浓度变化,为果蔬中氯吡脲含量的检测奠定了理论基础。     

基质分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱法检测红薯中氯吡脲

建立了分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱法测定红薯中氯吡脲含量的分析方法.样品经分散剂(硅胶,C18HC)研磨分散提取,甲醇洗脱.采用Thermo Hypersil Gold C18色谱柱(150×2,1 mm,5μm)分离,以甲醇(A)/0.1％甲酸-5 mmol/L甲酸铵(B)作为流动相,梯度洗脱,采用串联质谱在正离子扫描方式下,通过选择反应模式定量分析,外标法定量.氯吡脲在2.63～675.00 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2＞0.999.定量检测限为0.66 ng/mL.氯吡脲在10、25、50 ng/g三个浓度水平的添加回收率在70％～130％之间.该方法操作简单、准确,适用于红薯中氯吡脲的定量检测.