The study of the stability of aqueous three-phase fire-resistant foam in typical liquidus hydrocarbons

The utilization of solid particles in aqueous foam has a great potential in improving fire fighting efficiency. In this study, aqueous foam supported by micro fly-ash (FA) was prepared and its stability in a specific type of oil was characterized. Firstly, different amount of FA was added to study the influence of FA concentration on foamability. It showed that within a specific extent, foam expansion ratio increased with the increasing of FA concentration. And compared with conventional foams, oil resistance of FA stabilized foams, which was investigated by analyzing drainage rate and evolution process with a self-made apparatus, was remarkably improved when FA concentration exceed 4.8wt.%. Secondly, SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ particles with different median sizes were used to study the effect of particle size on stability. However, the smaller hydrophilic particles didn’t behave better as expected. Moreover, the foam stability in three hydrocarbons was evaluated in the same way. The results indicated that the short chain hydrocarbons had much stronger detrimental effect to both two-phase foam and three-phase foam. But overall, the three-phase foam stabilized by FA exhibited much better oil resistance, so it can be used as a promising material for pool fire extinguishing and prevention.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT     

粉煤灰基质多孔吸附材料显微结构及性能研究

本文研究了加入粘结剂制成折粉煤灰基质多孔吸附材料的显微结构，将它与原灰结构作比较，并进一步研究了加入粘结剂再加入外掺剂材料的显微结构。从理论上阐述了提高粉煤灰基质多孔吸附材料吸附、脱色性能的机理。     

催化还原褪色光度法测定粉煤灰中微量铜

在ＰＨ５．０的ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲休系中,痕量Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）催化抗坏血酸还原偶氮胭脂红Ｂ的褪色反应,褪色程度与Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）量在一定范围内线性相关。建立了测定痕量Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）的光度法,检出限为３．５＊１０＾－１１ｇ／ｍＬ,褪色程度与Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）量在０．０－２．０μｇ／Ｌ范围内符合比耳定律。本法结合Ｎ５３０－Ｎ５１０混合萃取剂萃取分离,测定了粉煤灰中的微量铜。     

利用真空FTIR比较研究油酸薄膜和油酸包覆粉煤灰分别与臭氧的非均相化学反应动力学

气溶胶老化是目前大气颗粒物物理化学领域的研究热点之一。通过真空型傅里叶红外光谱仪原位观测并对比了油酸(OA)薄膜和油酸包覆粉煤灰两种样品分别与臭氧发生的化学反应动力学,并评估了其中粉煤灰在非均相化学反应中所起到的作用。除了指纹区特征峰的不同,在反应前纯油酸薄膜和纯油酸包覆粉煤灰样品的主要红外特征吸收峰是相似的。当两种样品分别处于20 ppm 臭氧浓度、室温和干燥的反应环境中,=CH的特征吸收峰(3 050 cm-1)强度降低而—OH伸缩振动特征峰(3 430 cm-1)强度增加。此外,随着臭氧氧化反应的进行,处于1 710cm-1的羧酸C=O伸缩振动特征峰强度下降,反之,产物酯类物质的伸缩振动特征峰在1 740 cm-1出现并增强。通过红外光谱的变化趋势能够得到两组样品的OA成分在反应中逐步消耗并转化为含有羟基和酯类官能团的产物。通过位于1 740 cm-1处的C=O特征峰的变化能够得到准一级反应速率常数K_app和摄取系数γ。粉煤灰样品的准一级反应速率常数大体是油酸薄膜反应体系的两倍。对于比表面积,粉煤灰样品要大于油酸薄膜,而两种反应体系的臭氧浓度一致,油酸薄膜和油酸包覆粉煤灰的γ值分别为(2.70±0.11)×10-4和(3.70±0.13)×10-4。较大的催化表面积和较快的催化效率是导致粉煤灰样品较油酸薄膜反应快的原因。由此证明了当粉煤灰与不饱和有机酸结合并处在臭氧氧化环境中时会常易促进二次有机气溶胶的形成。