Oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance: The effects of remote unsaturation on 17o-chemical shifts in polycyclic ethers

Natural-abundance ¹⁷O-NMR spectra of 7-oxanorbornane exo-3-oxatricyclo [3.2.1.0^2.4]octane and their unsaturated derivatives (endo cyclic and exocyclic double bonds) have been measured. Linear correlation laws were observed for $\text{δ}{}_{\mathrm{o}}\text{δ}{}_{\mathrm{c}}$ of these ethers/corresponding hydrocarbons. The “cyclization shifts” for δ_o in ethers were not correlated by the “cyclization shifts” for δ_c of the corresponding hydrocarbons.     

Analysis of F-53B,Gen-X,ADONA, and emerging fluoroalkylether substances in environmental and biomonitoring samples: A review

The persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic properties of certain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) raise concerns for environmental and human health. This has led to the gradual phase-out from production and commerce of some legacy PFAS. Fluoroalkylether compounds (ether-PFAS) are among the fluorinated alternative chemicals that are beginning to be reported in impacted and background environments. Extensive monitoring activities were conducted since 2015–2019 to bridge knowledge gaps on the environmental fate and effects of ether-PFAS including F-53B (6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate [6:2 Cl-PFAES] and 8:2 Cl-PFAES), Gen-X (hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid [HFPO-DA]), and ADONA (dodecafluoro-3H-4,8-dioxanonanoate). In recent years, advances in nontarget screening using high-resolution mass spectrometry have revealed the identities of other infrequently monitored ether-PFAS. In this critical review, we provide an up-to-date inventory of the structures of ether-PFAS discovered in the recent literature. Their environmental occurrence, fate, and effects are discussed on a comparative perspective with some legacy PFAS such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). Information on the methods employed for the quantitative and semi-quantitative analysis of ether-PFAS is also provided, including sample preparation and mass spectrometry analysis, analytical performance, and limitations. In particular, the compiled database of MS/MS fragment ions (n = 111) can be useful in spectrum interpretation of novel ether-PFAS. The concluding remarks open on possible research avenues and the challenges that remain to be addressed.     

美军F-35战斗机PHM体系结构分析

为借鉴国外状态预测与健康管理(PHM)技术的发展经验,促进大型平台实现从状态监控向健康管理过渡,本文回顾了美军PHM技术的发展概况,分析了F-35战斗机PHM的体系结构组成以及各模块的主要功能,总结了F-35战斗机PHM的工作流程,介绍了F-35战斗机PHM系统的发展现状及存在的主要问题,提出了对发展PHM技术的认识,为从事PHM技术工作者提供了参考。     

Synthesis of [18F]F-γ-T-3, a Redox-Silent γ-Tocotrienol (γ-T-3) Vitamin E Analogue for Image-Based In Vivo Studies of Vitamin E Biodistribution and Dynamics

Vitamin E, a natural antioxidant, is of interest to scientists, health care pundits and faddists; its nutritional and biomedical attributes may be validated, anecdotal or fantasy. Vitamin E is a mixture of tocopherols (TPs) and tocotrienols (T-3s), each class having four substitutional isomers (α-, β-, γ-, δ-). Vitamin E analogues attain only low concentrations in most tissues, necessitating exacting invasive techniques for analytical research. Quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) with an F-18-labeled molecular probe would expedite access to Vitamin E’s biodistributions and pharmacokinetics via non-invasive temporal imaging. (R)-6-(3-[¹⁸F]Fluoropropoxy)-2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trien-1-yl)-chromane ([¹⁸F]F-γ-T-3) was prepared for this purpose. [¹⁸F]F-γ-T-3 was synthesized from γ-T-3 in two steps: (i) 1,3-di-O-tosylpropane was introduced at C6-O to form TsO-γ-T-3, and (ii) reaction of this tosylate with [¹⁸F]fluoride in DMF/K₂₂₂. Non-radioactive F-γ-T-3 was synthesized by reaction of γ-T-3 with 3-fluoropropyl methanesulfonate. [¹⁸F]F-γ-T-3 biodistribution in a murine tumor model was imaged using a small-animal PET scanner. F-γ-T-3 was prepared in 61% chemical yield. [¹⁸F]F-γ-T-3 was synthesized in acceptable radiochemical yield (RCY 12%) with high radiochemical purity (>99% RCP) in 45 min. Preliminary F-18 PET images in mice showed upper abdominal accumulation with evidence of renal clearance, only low concentrations in the thorax (lung/heart) and head, and rapid clearance from blood. [¹⁸F]F-γ-T-3 shows promise as an F-18 PET tracer for detailed in vivo studies of Vitamin E. The labeling procedure provides acceptable RCY, high RCP and pertinence to all eight Vitamin E analogues.     

高精度半导体激光打标机F-θ镜头设计

为保证半导体激光打标机F-θ镜头的扫描质量,实现系统像高与扫描角的线性变化,需对F-θ镜头给予一定的畸变量,并使其满足等晕条件。分析F-θ镜头工作原理及像差要求,根据1 064 nm半导体激光打标机的光源成像要求选择合适的玻璃材料,合理分配每片透镜的光焦度,以保证等晕成像;根据F-θ镜头线性成像要求,计算系统总畸变量为1.6%,系统总畸变量为系统的实际桶形畸变与相对畸变量之和;在光学系统优化设计时,引入这两项优化参数,优化过程中观察系统成像变化情况。设计结果表明:系统MTF曲线接近衍射极限,F-θ镜头相对畸变小于0.36%,各视场均方根半径均小于艾里斑直径,并且整个系统70%的能量集中在直径为16 μm的圆内,系统总畸变量为1.58%,满足设计指标要求。     

F-θ镜头的光学设计

介绍一种适合于激光打标的聚焦镜头－F-θ镜头的光学设计.通过引入桶形畸变，得到的F-θ镜头的像高与入射角成正比，可实现打标速度的线性控制.优化设计得到的工作面积达500×500 mm2的F-θ镜头，结构简单紧凑、聚焦性能达到衍射极限.     

辛巴蓝F-3GA修饰的啤酒废酵母菌亲和吸附溶菌酶

利用j嗪染料辛巴蓝F-3GA修饰经戊二醛交联的啤酒废酵母菌,得到一种新型染料亲和吸附剂.辛巴蓝F-3GA的固载量为161.1 mg/g.以溶菌酶为研究对象,考察吸附时间、酶初始浓度、pH值、离子强度等因素对吸附率的影响.结果表明:当pH=7.0时,其对溶菌酶有较高的吸附量(229.1 mg/g),吸附性能明显优于未接枝...     

Direct determination of residual Pluronic F-68 in in-process samples from monoclonal antibody preparations by high performance liquid chromatography

A simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to determine residual Pluronic F-68 (PF-68) in in-process samples of monoclonal antibody (MAb) preparations. The method permits the direct injection of proteinaceous samples after simple sample dilution and is able to quantitate as low as 50 mg/L of PF-68 in the presence of up to approximately 30 g/L of protein. The PF-68 molecule was separated on a restricted access reversed phase column using a step gradient and then measured by an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). The method was successfully applied to demonstrate PF-68 clearance in MAb purification processes. A modified colorimetric method using liquid-liquid extraction and cobalt thiocyanate to derivatize PF-68 is also described. The results obtained by both the HPLC and colorimetric methods were compared. In addition to its ease of use and simplicity, the HPLC method had better accuracy and higher throughput than the colorimetric method.     

无限差集类及其应用

若S为Z+的一无限子集,称S-S={n-m|n,m∈S,n>m}为一无限差集.本文研究Z+的子集族F生成的无限差集类(?)F-△={S-S|S∈F)及其对偶族K(?)F-△的性质,并讨论它们在动力系统研究中的应用.     

关于“t,F显著性检验应用中的一个问题”之我见

在应用ｔ、Ｆ检验时，要严格地区分方差齐性与方差非齐性两种不同的情况。在两种不同的情况下，计算总方差与自由度所用的公式是不同的。