Formation of porous polymer morphology by microsyneresis during divinylbenzene polymerization

This article describes the investigation of the importance of various reaction conditions on microsyneretic pore formation during polymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) under so‐called “solvothermal” conditions. To induce microsyneretic pore formation, the most important parameter is an unusually high dilution of monomers with a “good” porogen solvating the polymer chains. High dilution and solvation of the growing poly(DVB) chains promote the prolongation of the polymer chains rather than their interconnection by crosslinking. Consequently, when the polymer gel density reaches the point where syneresis starts, the polymer network is geometrically too extensive to be broken up into precipitating entities and, instead, porogen droplets are formed within the continuous polymer gel. The pore geometry created by microsyneresis offers high surface area in wide mesopores and hence, high capacity for supporting functional groups or reactions with much better accessibility than narrow pores between polymer microspheres produced by macrosyneresis in conventional styrenic polymer supports. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 774–781     

Enhancing the Water Stability of Al‐MIL‐101‐NH2 via Postsynthetic Modification

The resistance of metal–organic frameworks towards water is a very critical issue concerning their practical use. Recently, it was shown for microporous MOFs that the water stability could be increased by introducing hydrophobic pendant groups. Here, we demonstrate a remarkable stabilisation of the mesoporous MOF Al‐MIL‐101‐NH₂ by postsynthetic modification with phenyl isocyanate. In this process 86 % of the amino groups were converted into phenylurea units. As a consequence, the long‐term stability of Al‐MIL‐101‐URPh in liquid water could be extended beyond a week. In water saturated atmospheres Al‐MIL‐101‐URPh decomposed at least 12‐times slower than the unfunctionalised analogue. To study the underlying processes both materials were characterised by Ar, N₂ and H₂O sorption measurements, powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric and chemical analysis as well as solid‐state NMR and IR spectroscopy. Postsynthetic modification decreased the BET equivalent surface area from 3363 to 1555 m² g^?1 for Al‐MIL‐101‐URPh and reduced the mean diameters of the mesopores by 0.6 nm without degrading the structure significantly and reducing thermal stability. In spite of similar water uptake capacities, the relative humidity‐dependent uptake of Al‐MIL‐101‐URPh is slowed and occurs at higher relative humidity values. In combination with ¹H‐²⁷Al D ‐HMQC NMR spectroscopy experiments this favours a shielding mechanism of the Al clusters by the pendant phenyl groups and rules out pore blocking.     

Double Michael Additions of Lithium Enolate of 1,4-Dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-en-8-One to Acrylates

Double Michael additions of lithium enolaie of 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-en-8-one to four acrylates afforded bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-ones with high regio- and stereoselectivities in moderate yields.     

Extrusion of pastes with a piston extruder for the determination of the local solid and fluid concentration, the local porosity and saturation and displacement profiles by means of NMR imaging

 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was used to investigate the extrusion behaviour of PTFE pastes in a ram extruder. By means of ¹H-NMR imaging (MRI) it is possible to determine the local proton density and therefore, the local fluid concentration. The ¹⁹F-MRI provides the local solid concentration. Thus the local saturation and the local porosity can be calculated with the information of the local fluid and solid concentration. Furthermore displacement profiles can be derived from NMR images by means of correlation techniques without any preparation or marking of the pastes. Received: 8 May 2000   Accepted: 1 May 2001     

Ⅱ型三角剖分上二次双周期样条

本文用B-网方法确定了△_(nm)~((2))剖分上二次双周期样条函数空间的维数,给出了插值条件的几种提法,证明了解的存在唯一性.     

一种高信噪比的双光束激光光声光谱仪原理及应用

作为一种新兴的检测手段 ,激光光声光谱技术与其他检测技术相比具有很多优点。本文设计的光声光谱仪用激光做光源 ,有两个光声池 ,分别用来放置参考样品和待测样品 ,输出结果为二者光声信号的比值。利用这一比值 ,可以由参考样品的性能参数方便地求出待测样品的相关性能参数。该光声光谱仪有效地减小了本底吸收噪声的影响 ,提高了信噪比 ,扩大了固体光声理论的应用范围。本文还阐述了该光声光谱仪在定性定量分析中的一些应用     

改进型磁绝缘线振荡器的设计和数值模拟

 综合两种现有磁绝缘线振荡器的优点，对器件进行改进，将双渐变结构、轭流片和阻抗渐变三种增大功率的机制综合考虑，利用二维半全电磁PIC程序进行数值模拟，设计了一种新的改进型磁绝缘线振荡器，当外加电压为550kV，电流为35kA左右时，在L波段获得了6GW的峰值输出功率。     

风力发电机组变速恒频控制系统研究

全面介绍了一种最新应用于风力发电中的新型电机—无刷双馈电机，并分析了这种新型电机作变速恒频运行的原理并对这种电机进行了动态特性仿真研究，给出了形式简洁的控制方程和易于实现的控制方案。     

双阳极磁控注入枪束流特性的研究

 介绍了用于34GHz基波回旋速调管的双阳极磁控注入枪的结构特点，为了准确分析磁控注入枪的束流特性，建立了阴极表面理论模型，用新编制的程序模拟了电子轨迹。模拟和测量结果显示磁场对磁控注入枪的束流有影响，磁控注入枪的束流也与阴极温度和空间电荷效应有关系。     

三维流动传热空隙率计算程序FASTOR—3D开发研究

1引言大粘度（大r）和大系数（ss和sc）法是处理流动区域中障碍物的常用方法山。但当流动区域中障碍物数量较多时，宜采用空隙率来模拟障碍物，如模拟反应堆流动传热的商用程序COMMIX［’］。我们根据空隙率模拟的基本概念，针对采用交错网格的压力校正法，自行编制了多障碍物流动传热三维计算的全部源程序代码，应用于某核反应堆钠池流动传热的数值模拟，获得了比较合理的结果。2数学模型和数值方法2．1控制方程空隙率修整的质量、动量、能量及湍流动能与耗散率的守恒方程通式的三维柱坐标形式为其中中一1，。，。，。，T，k，。分别表…