Graphene grafted silica‐coated Fe3O4 nanocomposite as absorbent for enrichment of carbamates from cucumbers and pears prior to HPLC

In this paper, a novel graphene (G) grafted silica‐coated Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite was fabricated by the chemical bonding of G onto the surface of silica‐coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. Some carbamates (metolcarb, carbaryl, pirimicarb, and diethofencarb) in cucumber and pear samples were enriched by this nanocomposite prior to their determination by HPLC with UV detection. Experimental parameters that may affect the extraction efficiency were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, a linear response was achieved in the concentration range of 0.5–100.0 ng/g for metolcarb, carbaryl, and diethofencarb, and 1.0–100 ng/g for pirimicarb with the correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.9956 to 0.9984. The LOD (S/N = 3) of the method were found to be in the range from 0.08 to 0.2 ng/g. The RSDs were in the range from 2.4 to 5.8%. The results indicated that the G grafted silica‐coated Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite was stable and efficient for magnetic SPE and has a great application potential for the preconcentration of other organic pollutants from real samples.     

施用三乙膦酸铝后铝在黄瓜及叶片上的残留分析与评价

建立了湿法消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定黄瓜及其叶片上铝的背景含量及其施用三乙膦酸铝后铝的最终残留量. 方法线性范围为10～400 μg/L, r=0.991 6, 检出限为62.4 pg. 黄瓜中铝的添加回收率为92.1%～98.7%, RSD为4.8%～5.1%; 黄瓜叶片中铝的添加回收率为89.0%～100.1%, RSD为14%～18%, 方法的准确度和精密度均符合痕量分析要求. 结果表明, 施用三乙膦酸铝后黄瓜上铝的残留量低于参照的限量标准(＜100 mg/kg); 黄瓜叶片上的铝积累较明显, 与施药剂量和施药次数有一定的相关性.     

基于叶绿素荧光光谱分析的黄瓜霜霉病害预测模型

为了实现对黄瓜病害的快速无损准确预测,基于激光诱导叶绿素荧光光谱分析技术,建立了温室黄瓜霜霉病害的预测模型.通过测定健康叶片、病菌接种3d叶片和接种6d叶片的光谱曲线,采用一阶导数光谱预处理方法,结合主成分分析数据降维方法对三组光谱数据进行特征信息提取后,建立主成分得分散点图,依据累积贡献率选取10个主成分代替导数光谱...     

高光谱图像技术检测黄瓜叶片的叶绿素叶面分布

以黄瓜叶片为材料,利用高光谱图像技术结合独立分量法(ICA),研究了叶绿素浓度叶面分布的快速、无损检测方法.用高光谱相机采集了80片黄瓜叶子的高光谱图像(408～1117 nm),利用ICA方法提取了高光谱图像的8个独立分量信号,通过逐步线性回归(SMLR)优选出第1、第2和第5个ICA信号,并在此基础上建立了叶绿素浓...     

基于拉曼光谱的PE膜包装食用农产品品质检测误差的校正方法

透明保鲜膜包装以其方便、经济、卫生的特点被广泛应用于超市卖场及日常生活中,却也给食品农产品的检测增加了难度,所以急需一种能够隔透明薄膜无损检测农产品的方法。叶绿素是影响黄瓜品质的重要因素之一,该研究主要探讨了拉曼技术检测黄瓜品质时,食品保鲜膜层数对叶绿素特征峰的影响,并通过对菠菜、油菜和芹菜对得出的结论进行验证。采用点检测拉曼光谱系统,采集无保鲜膜包装以及多层包装下黄瓜的拉曼光谱。拉曼信号经Savitzky-Golay(SG) 5点平滑和自适应迭代惩罚最小二乘法扣除荧光背景,探究不同层数(1~6层)的PE保鲜膜对黄瓜叶绿素特征峰的影响。采集被保鲜膜覆盖的黄瓜的拉曼信号并处理,即可建立叶绿素的特征峰(1 158和1 528 cm-1)减少值与保鲜膜层数之间的变化规律,并对规律的预测效果进行评价。随着保鲜膜层数的增加,透明包装层数与黄瓜叶绿素特征峰强度之间呈现良好的线性相关关系。提取出单层透明包装对叶绿素在1 158和1 528 cm-1处特征峰强度的降低值分别为81.4和103.1,分别占未加保鲜膜时叶绿素特征峰强度值的7.98%和8.56%,多组验证结果的相关系数达到0.95以上,验证的相关系数达到0.94。随着样品浓度增高,线性递减效果越明显。作为验证,通过透明保鲜膜检测菠菜、油菜和芹菜叶片中的叶绿素表明,每加一层膜叶绿素在1 158和1 528 cm-1处的特征峰强度会比覆膜前分别降低7.9%～8.6%和8.1%～8.6%;导致检测信号强度呈线性降低是由于保鲜膜使激发光分散不聚焦导致,保鲜膜成分对检测结果无影响。该研究为拉曼光谱隔透明包装检测拉曼光谱特征峰强度,进而获得农产品品质信息提供了一种新的分析方法。     

基于反射光谱的温室黄瓜叶片磷素含量分析与预测

以温室栽培黄瓜作物为对象,分析了叶片反射光谱与叶片磷素含量之间的相关关系,并建立了预测模型。首先利用便携式光谱辐射仪测量了自然光照条件下温室黄瓜叶片的光谱反射率,并计算了反射率光谱的一次微分光谱。相关分析表明反射率光谱与叶片含P量之间具有一定的相关性,但线性相关不显著。利用微分光谱可以部分消除系统误差、背景噪声等的影响,明显提高了相关系数,但预测模型精度仍然达不到实用程度。在理论分析的基础上,选取978,920,737和458 nm等4个波长作为特征波长,分别利用人工神经网络和支持向量机建立了黄瓜叶片P素含量对应于微分光谱特性的非线性预测模型,结果表明两种算法都获得了较好的预测效果,支持向量机模型的预测能力(R_v=0.754)优于人工神经网络模型(R_v=0.712)。     

Synthesis and antiviral bioactivity of novel chalcone derivatives containing purine moiety

A series of novel chalcone derivatives containing purine group was synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activities against cucumber mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus. Compound 3o exhibited remarkable antiviral activities and strong combining capacity to tobacco mosaic virus coat protein.     

The accumulation of phytoalexin in cucumber plant after stress

During the course of pathogens penetrating the plant cell, besides of chemical secretion, the pathogens may cause mechanical signal by the physical pressure on the plant cell. In the current study, we use the pressure as the stress signal to study the induction in plant resistance and the effect of accumulation of phytoalexin. We found that stress can induce the resistance in cucumber seeding significantly. Peptides contained RGD motif can specific block the adhesion between plant cell wall and plasma membrane. When breaking the plant cell wall and plasma membrane by using RGD peptides, the stress induction effect is almost absolutely eliminated. The results of assay with TLC and HPLC showed that stress stimulation could increase the accumulation of cucumber seeding phytoalexin. So, we can conclude that the accumulation of phytoalexin is one possible reason of improve the stress induced resistance. When block the adhesion between plant cell wall and plasma membrane by RGD, there are only part of accumulation of phytoalexin. The results suggest that stress induced resistance and accumulation of phytoalexin of plant is required for the adhesion of plant cell wall–plasma membrane.     

Electrochemical ELISA for the detection of cucumber mosaic virus using o-pheneylenediamine as substrate

A sensitive electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was proposed in this paper. The activity of labeled enzyme, horseradish peroxidase, was measured with electrochemical methods using o-phenylenediamine as substrate. The enzymatic reaction product is 2,3-diaminophenazine, which can be easily reduced on the dropping mercury electrode with improved sensitivity. Coupled with the plate trapped antigen indirect ELISA format using polyclonal rabbit antibody of CMV, the electrochemical detection was performed for CMV with the detection limit of 0.5 ng ml⁻¹, which is ten times more sensitive than the colorimetric ELISA method. The conditions for enzymatic reaction and immunoassay were carefully optimized.     

铌取代型钨硅杂多酸盐的合成及抗病毒活性研究

杂多化合物因具有独特的结构和优异的抗病毒活性^[1,2],近年来受到普遍重视,但研究的热点主要集中在抗艾滋病毒(HIV)、疱疹病毒(HSV)、抗肿瘤等方面^[3,4],而忽视了对植物病毒防治的研究。