光纤松耦合型传感器特性研究

本文介绍一种实用的光纤传感器,它由二根光纤或多根光纤紧靠一起,并在同一位置除去局部包层,成为松耦合状态,在这种状态下,研究了它的特性和应用。 当耦合间隙中充满某种液体介质时,耦合效率明显增大,因此可以方便地判别该介质是否存在。并且实验证明了一种光纤只能有一种相近于光纤芯子折射率的介质具有最大的灵敏度。当间隙内的介质不变时,耦合功率的大小决定于耦合距离d和耦合长度l,l一旦决定以后,d的调节精度为0.1mm量级,易于在机械结构上实现线性检测。     

Frequency domain optical tomography using a conjugate gradient method without line search

A conjugate gradient method without line search (CGMWLS) is presented. This method is used to retrieve the local maps of absorption and scattering coefficients inside the tissue-like test medium, with the synthetic data. The forward problem is solved with a discrete-ordinates finite-difference method based on the frequency domain formulation of radiative transfer equation. The inversion results demonstrate that the CGMWLS can retrieve simultaneously the spatial distributions of optical properties inside the medium within a reasonable accuracy, by reducing cross-talk between absorption and scattering coefficients.     

塑料闪烁光纤阵列成像探测器在高能X射线辐照下的串扰分析

采用蒙特卡罗方法对闪烁光纤阵列探测器在高能X射线入射下的串扰进行了模拟研究,并且分析比较了加铅层对串扰的影响.研究中采用对表征成像系统空间分辨率参量——调制传递函数进行模拟分析和比较,得到在光纤阵列之间加入不同铅层厚度后对系统调制传递函数参量曲线的影响.研究结果表明:在高能射线下,采用闪烁光纤阵列作为成像探测器存在严重的次级粒子相互串扰的现象,而在阵列之间加入铅介质能够减少这种效应;但另一方面,若所加铅层太厚又会导致成像探测器像素过大而使得空间分辨率下降.通过模拟计算得出:只要在阵列之间加入适当厚度的铅介质,既可以有效抑止阵列之间次级粒子的串扰,同时又能提高闪烁光纤阵列探测器系统的空间分辨率.     

High-resolution quadruple-channel heterodyne laser velocimeter based on birefringent optics

Recently we introduced a dual-beam heterodyne interferometer where combinations of half-silvered and fully reflecting mirrors were used to achieve beam doubling. We now propose a quadruple-beam system in which birefringent beam displacers generate the four parallel beams. We present the design and the performance characteristics of this apparatus.     

双扬声器近场声源重放实验研究

该文针对电子器件散热用的一款变速轴流风扇的气动噪声及其降噪方法进行实验研究。首先利用风扇旋转轴等高平面内圆周分布的传感器阵列测量风扇不同转速下远场噪声分布,总声压级与转速的对数关系验证散热风扇主要气动噪声属于偶极源噪声,频谱分析显示离散单音噪声为主要噪声影响因素。基于管道声学理论的管道模态截止方法,研究进出风口安装圆形短管对风扇气动噪声的影响,实验结果显示不同位置、不同长度的短管对风扇远场噪声影响不同。额定转速下,在进风口安装2 cm管道可以使远场1 m处平均总声压级下降4.1 dB(A),降噪效果显著。模态测量结果显示,此种情况下对应离散单音处的风扇主要模态幅值大大降低,风扇离散单音噪声降低从而噪声总声压级大幅减小。该方法为散热风扇降噪提供了一种新的途径。     

Design and performance of a high-resolution dual-channel heterodyne laser velocimeter

We describe a dual-channel laser velocimeter based on a single laser source and a single set of carrier wave generation optics. The apparatus is intended for simultaneous vibration measurements on several points of instable objects, such as biological specimens or micro electronic mechanical systems, so that instantaneous phase relationships and amplitude ratios can be determined. Our instrument presently allows measurements on two points of interest which can be arbitrarily chosen. The optical design allows expansion to at least four independent channels. At a maximal velocity amplitude of 52 mm s⁻¹, the velocity resolution and the detection limit equal 2.6 μm s⁻¹ Hz^−1/2. Even with object points less than 0.4 mm apart, channel cross-talk is less than −78 dB at all frequencies.     

Study of cross-talk of parallel Fabry–Perot sensors in path-matching differential interferometry

Cross-talk in multiplexing parallel Fabry–Perot sensors in a path-matching differential interferometry (PMDI) can be limited by corresponding path-matching read-out systems. Nevertheless, improper design in cavity lengths of Fabry–Perots can result in serious cross-talk. This paper presents a spectrum analysis to design the parallel Fabry–Perot sensors quantitatively without cross-talk. The spectrum analysis used to solve the cross-talks in a multiple parallel Fabry–Perot system is proved to be an efficient tool. To the author's knowledge, cross-talk problems were first investigated in a multiple parallel Fabry–Perot system quantitatively and experimentally. In a spectrum analysis, the spectrum transfer function in a broadband light source and a Fabry–Perot cavity are simulated by a Gaussian distribution spectrum and a low-finesse reflectivity, respectively. After integrating the whole spectrum system with respect to the wave number, the cross-talk terms can be removed by assuming zero. It is concluded that the cavity length differences between two Fabry–Perots should be longer than the coherence length of a broadband light source to diminish cross-talk effects. Experimental results for two parallel Fabry–Perots in PMDI are presented and compared with theoretical predictions. This study shows good agreement between experimental results and theoretical predictions, indicating that spectrum analysis can be applied properly to the design of two- or multiple-parameter sensors.     

Dual electrochemical microsensor for simultaneous measurements of nitric oxide and oxygen: Fabrication and characterization

A planar-type amperometric dual microsensor was developed for the simultaneous measurement of the nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen (O₂) concentrations. The sensor (overall diameter = 500 μm) consisted of a dual working electrode (WE) containing two platinized platinum microdisks (25 μm diameter, WE1, WE2, distance between two disks > 330 μm) and a Ag/AgCl wire reference electrode covered with an expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) gas-permeable membrane. The differentiation and concurrent measurements of NO and O₂ were obtained successfully using two sensing WEs with different applied potentials (+0.75 V for WE1 and −0.4 V for WE2). Cross-talk between WE1 and WE2 was eliminated with an optimized internal solution composition. Linear dynamic range, selectivity, sensitivity, detection limit (<5 nM for NO; <500 nM for O₂), and stability (>50 h) were evaluated.     

阵列波导光栅解复用器的标量传输理论及其简化模型

以波导本征模式场作输入光场,阐述了AWG中实际光场的传输数学模型,对输入场作高斯近似,阐述了光场传输的简化模型.通过简化模型与实际情况的比较,肯定了高斯近似简化模型在一定情况下的合理性.对于给定串扰要求,利用高斯近似模型可以决定最外层阵列波导坐标与衍射场光束束腰的比值,对实际器件设计来说有一定意义,但高斯简化模型在一定情况会引入较大误差,精确定量模拟AWG应采用实际光场标量传输模型.     

Model analysis of effect of diffraction focus characteristics of microlens arrays on parallel laser direct writing quality

In order to study the effect of diffraction focusing characteristics of microlens arrays on the parallel laser direct writing quality, we use nonparaxial approximation to analyze the diffraction focus characteristic of a single microlens, take into consideration the cross-talk effect of a number of microlenses on the diffraction focusing characteristics of an array, and establish a theoretical focusing intensity model of a microlens array to describe the influence of a change in F-number and/or center distance on the diffraction focusing characteristics of a parallel laser direct writing system while incident writing laser is normal. Numerical simulation results indicate that there is a cross-talk effect among microlenses which increases as the F-number increases when the center distance is the same as the smaller aperture, and parallel writing quality can be improved by reducing or totally eliminating the cross-talk effect by reducing F-number and/or increasing center distance.