Two Novel Antifungal Saponins from Tibetan Herbal Medicine Clematis tangutica

Antifungal assay-guided isolation of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Clematis tangutica yielded two novel triterpene saponins. Their structures were determined to be 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl ester (1) and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl ester (2) on the basis of spectral data and chemical reactions.     

The Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Effects of Mesona Chinensis Benth Extracts

In this study, the antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects of Mesona Chinensis Benth (MCB) extracts were evaluated. Seven fractions (F0, F10, F20, F30, F40, F50 and MTF) were obtained from the MCB ethanol extracts. Compared to the commercial antioxidants (vitamin C), MTF and F30 exhibited higher antioxidant activities in the antiradical activity test and the FRAP assay. The half-inhibition concentration (IC50) for MTF and F30 were 5.323 µg/mL and 5.278 µg/mL, respectively. MTF at 200 µg/mL significantly decreased the accumulation of TG in oleic acid (OA)-induced HepG2 cells and reversed the inhibitory effect of Compound C on AMPK (MTF and F30 significantly increased the glucose utilization of insulin-induced HepG2 cells). In addition, the components of MTF were identified by HPLC-MS, which were caffeic acid, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, isoquercetin, astragalin, rosmarinic acid, aromadendrin-3-O-rutinoside, rosmarinic acid-3-O-glucoside and kaempferol-7-O-glucoside. Through statistical correlations by Simca P software, it was found that the main antioxidant and hypolipidemic components of MCB might be caffeic acid, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, rosmarinic acid-3-O-glucoside and aromadendrin-3-O-rutinoside, which may play important roles in the AMPK pathway. MTF and F30 in MCB could be potential health products for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.     

柱前衍生超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法测定仙草多糖组成及其含量

建立了测定仙草多糖组成及其含量的超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱分析方法。仙草样品在碱性条件下用沸水提取,提取液经固相萃取小柱净化后加三氟乙酸在110℃水解,然后采用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)衍生。以Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm i.d.×50 mm,1.7μm)为分析柱,乙腈和缓冲盐溶液(0.5 mmol/L乙酸铵-0.05%乙酸)为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,流速0.5 mL/min,电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式检测,内标法定量。结果显示8种单糖在1～100μmol/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r2均大于0.96,方法的回收率为84%～112%,相对标准偏差(RSD)不高于4.7%。仙草多糖由甘露糖、鼠李糖、核糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和木糖8种单糖组成,其摩尔百分比为7.4%、5.7%、4.2%、0.9%、28.4%、26.5%、16.4%和10.6%。该法简单、快速、灵敏高、重现性好,可用于仙草多糖的单糖组成分析和含量测定。     

威灵仙及其伪品的FTIR法直接鉴定

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）法，借助OMNI采样器直接测定了中药材威灵仙及其伪品华东菝葜、山木通和毛柱铁线莲的红外光谱，结果发现正伪品的红餐光谱差别较大。因此FTIR法可以直接、快速、准确地对威灵仙与其伪品华东菝葜、山木通和毛柱铁线莲进行区别鉴定。     

Studies on lignan constituents from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. fruits using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n)) method has been developed for the detection and analysis of lignan constituents in the methanol extract from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. RP-HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS(n)) have been applied to investigate the characteristic product ions of four lignan reference compounds. Then, the logical fragmentation pathways of the lignans have been proposed. By comparing the retention time (t(R)) of HPLC, the ESI-MS(n) data and the structures of analyzed compounds with the data of reference compounds and in the literature, 11 peaks in HPLC have been unambiguously identified and another 5 peaks have been tentatively identified or deduced. Also, in the present paper, the extracted ion chromatograms (EIC) have been used to analyze the lignan isomers. The experimental results demonstrate that RP-HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) is a specific and useful method for the identification of the lignan constituents and their isomers.     

Phenolic compounds from the aerial parts of Clematis viticella L. and their in vitro anti-inflammatory activities*

Phytochemical investigations on the EtOH extract of Clematis viticella led to the isolation of six flavonoid glycosides, isoorientin (1), isoorientin 3′-O-methyl ether (2), quercetin 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), quercetin 3,7-di-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), manghaslin (5) and chrysoeriol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), one phenylethanol derivative, hydroxytyrosol (7), along with three phenolic acids, caffeic acid (8), (E)-p-coumaric acid (9) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (10). The structures of the isolates were elucidated on the basis of NMR and HR-MS data. All compounds were isolated from C. viticella for the first time. Compounds 7 and 8 showed significant anti-inflammatory activity at 100 μM by reducing the release of NO in LPS-stimulated macrophages comparable to positive control indomethacin. Compounds 3 and 7 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity through lowering the levels of TNF-α while 1, 3 and 5 decreased the levels of neopterin better than the positive controls.     

广寄生及其不同寄主黄酮总量和微量元素含量的研究

用紫外分光光度法测定广西玉林产5种广寄生及其不同寄主的黄酮总量;原子吸收分光光度法测定广寄生和寄主的Fe、Mg、Zn、Ca、Mn、Cu、Na、K8种微量元素的含量。结果表明:寄主不同,广寄生黄酮总量和微量元素含量存在差异;广寄生的黄酮总量比寄主高,广寄生的K、Mg元素含量比寄主高。     

不同光照强度和光质对铁线莲品种繁星(Clematis‘nelly moser’)不定芽诱导和生长的影响

以铁线莲品种繁星(Clematis' nelly moser’)的带节茎段为材料,研究不同光照强度和光质对铁线莲不定芽繁殖的影响.以MS为基本培养基(含有0.2 mg/L 1-萘乙酸和2 mg/L 6-苄氨基腺嘌呤),设置光照强度梯度为0、500、2 000、3 000和4 000 Lux的白光光照;用透明玻璃纸得到蓝(440 nm)、绿(560 nm)、红(650 nm)3种光质,以白光为对照组,强度均为3 000 Lux.结果表明:在光照强度为3 000 Lux的白光光照下,不定芽的诱导效果最好,其诱导频率和每个外植体上不定芽的数量分别为100％和4.4,每个外植体上不定芽的平均高度为5.66cm,平均节数为4.6个;蓝光能够显著提高不定芽的诱导数量,是相同光强白光诱导数量的1.27倍,蓝光下不定芽SOD和CAT的最大值显著高于其它光质下的数值,且叶绿素a和b的比值最大.     

A new indole-type alkaloid from the roots of Clematis florida var. plena

One new indole-type alkaloid, α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D- glucopyranosyl 6-methoxy-3-indolecarbonate (1), together with three known alkaloids (2–4), one aromatic acid (5) and five known saponins (6–10), was isolated from the roots of Clematis florida var. plena. Their structures were established by NMR spectroscopic analysis and acid hydrolysis. In in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, n-butanol extract was found to be potent against ear edema in mice, with inhibition rate of 48.7% at a dose of 800?mg/kg. Furthermore, compounds 8 and 9 obtained from the n-butanol extract exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities with inhibition rates of 50.9% and 54.7% at a dose of 200?mg/kg.     

First separation of four aromatic acids and two analogues with similar structures and polarities from Clematis akebioides by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography

In this paper, we report an efficient method by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography for the first separation of four aromatic acids and two analogs with similar structures and polarities from Clematis akebioides. First, the ethyl acetate extract was treated by silica gel column chromatography to enrich the target compounds. And then the fraction with target compounds were purified by high‐speed counter‐counter chromatography using a two‐phase solvent system consisting of chloroform/acetonitrile/water (10:6:4, v/v). The results showed high‐speed counter‐current chromatography could be a powerful technology for the separation of compounds with similar structures and polarities. Besides, it was found acetonitrile could be a good methanol substitute when a chloroform/methanol/water system could not provide a good separation factor. This study provides a reference for the separation of compounds from Clematis akebioides.