火焰原子吸收光谱法测定臭牡丹中6种金属元素

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法直接对臭牡丹中的Fe、Cu、Ca、Mn、Zn、Mg 6种金属元素进行了测定.样品采用浓硝酸双氧水消解,应用校准曲线法测定.结果表明其富含上述6种金属元素,其中以钙、镁含量为高,方法回收率在95.00%-103.67%之间.     

The Chemical Constituents from Fruits of Catalpa bignonioides Walt. and Their α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and Insulin Secretion Effect

Catalpa pod has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in South America. Studies on the constituents of Catalpa species have shown that it is rich in iridoids. In the present study, three previously undescribed compounds (2–4), including two secoiridoid derivatives along with twelve known compounds, were isolated from the fruits of Catalpa bignonioides Walt. In addition, fully assigned ¹³C-NMR of 5,6-dihydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone-6-O-sophoroside (1) is reported for the first time in the present study. The structures of compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, 1D, and 2D NMR, mass spectroscopy, and CD spectroscopic data. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Among the tested compounds, compounds 2, 3, and 9 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase enzyme assay. Meanwhile, the effect of compounds 2, 3, and 9 on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was measured using pancreatic β-cells. Compounds 2, 3, and 9 exhibited non-cytotoxicity-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. The expression levels of proteins associated with β-cell function and insulin secretion such as phosphorylation of total insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, activated pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) were increased in INS-1 cells after treatment with compounds 2, 3, and 9. The findings of the present study could provide a scientific warrant for their application as a potential antidiabetic agent.     

利用SEM，XRD和FTIR研究四种化学预处理对楸木木屑酶解的影响

利用 NaOH ,Ca（OH）2,H2 SO4和 HCl 四种溶液对楸木木屑进行化学预处理,发现两种碱预处理均能显著提高楸木木屑的酶解效率。采用扫描电镜（SEM ）,X 射线衍射（XRD）和傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）对四种化学预处理后的楸木木屑进行观察和分析。SEM 观察发现,四种化学预处理对楸木木屑的纤维表面均有不同程度的破坏与侵蚀,其中 Ca（OH）2的破坏效果最为明显。XRD 谱图表明,碱预处理对楸木木屑纤维素的非晶体结构产生破坏,导致其结晶度升高,而经过酸预处理后楸木木屑纤维素的结晶度没有明显变化。FTIR 谱图显示,酸碱预处理对楸木木屑中半纤维素和木质素的分子结构均有不同程度的破坏,碱预处理过程中木质素的高效溶出可能是楸木木屑酶解效率显著提高的主要原因。     

Effect of Pinoresinol and Vanillic Acid Isolated from Catalpa bignonioides on Mouse Myoblast Proliferation via the Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway

Growth and maintenance of skeletal muscle is essential for athletic performance and a healthy life. Stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells may help prevent loss of muscle mass. To discover effective natural substances enabling to mitigate muscle loss without side effects, we evaluated muscle growth with several compounds extracted from Catalpa bignonioides Walt. Among these compounds, pinoresinol and vanillic acid increased C2C12, a mouse myoblast cell line, proliferation being the most without cytotoxicity. These substances activated the Akt/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which positively regulates the proliferation of muscle cells. In addition, the results of in silico molecular docking study showed that they may bind to the active site of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), which is an upstream of the Akt/mTOR pathway, indicating that both pinoresinol and vanillic acid stimulate myoblast proliferation through direct interaction with IGF-1R. These results suggest that pinoresinol and vanillic acid may be a natural supplement to improve the proliferation of skeletal muscle via IGF-1R/Akt/mTOR signaling and thus strengthen muscles.     

Two New Iridoids from the Stem of Catalpa ovata

Two new iridoids, 6‐O‐[(E)‐feruloyl]jioglutin D ( 1 ) and 6‐O‐(4‐hydroxybenzoyl)jioglutin D ( 2 ), and six known compounds, minecoside ( 3 ), specioside ( 4 ), picroside II ( 5 ), picroside III ( 6 ), 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid ( 7 ), and martynoside ( 8 ), were isolated from the stem of Catalpa ovata. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic techniques, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR.     

多效唑提高楸树抗旱性的效应

在干旱条件下,对楸树叶面喷施不同浓度的多效唑水溶液,研究多效唑对楸树幼苗抗旱性的影响.结果表明:喷施多效唑能不同程度地延缓楸树的叶水势和叶绿素含量的下降,而瞬时水分利用效率、光能转化效率和过氧化氢酶活性有不同程度的提高.当多效唑水溶液浓度为500mg/L时,能有效提高楸树幼苗的抗旱性.