Near-optimal design of Global Positioning System (GPS) networks using the Tabu Search technique

This paper describes an optimization technique based on an heuristic procedure which is applied to analyse and improve the efficiency of the design of Global Positioning System (GPS) surveying networks. GPS is a valuable survey tool because of its ability to increase the accuracy, speed and flexibility of a survey. A GPS network can be defined as a number of stations, which are co-ordinated by a series of sessions, formed by placing receivers on stations. The goal is to select the best order in which these sessions can be organised to give the best possible schedule. Generally, solving large networks to optimality requires impractical computational time. This paper proposes a Tabu Search technique which provides optimal or near-optimal solutions for large networks with an acceptable amount of computational effort. Computational results for several case studies with known and unknown optimal schedules have been presented to assess the performance of the proposed technique.     

水蒸气超高温热泵系统的实验研究

近年来以低温室效应(GWP)的制冷剂的蒸汽压缩式高温热泵一直是余热回收领域的研究热点.为获得更高的输出温度,本课题组搭建了一台采用自然工质水作为循环冷媒的超高温热泵样机并进行了实验测试.实验结果表明蒸发温度为80℃,冷凝温度从115℃升至145℃时,热泵的COP从4.88降至1.89.在85℃蒸发,117℃冷凝时,最高...     

蓄能型液体除湿冷却空调系统的建立与实验研究

本文提出了一种蓄能型液体除湿蒸发冷却空调系统的设计方案,并基于此方案搭建了一个制冷量为3 kW的蓄能型液体除湿蒸发冷却空调系统实验台。通过电加热器模拟60~80℃的低品位热源(太阳能、发动机排气余热、工业余热等),以LiCl水溶液作为除湿溶液,主要研究了在系统稳定运行时,各环境参数对此除湿蒸发冷却空调系统性能系数COP的影响情况。     

三效吸收式制冷循环系统性能分析

对12个通用的三效循环系统以及这12个通用循环系统组成的76种可能的密闭循环系统进行了评测。根据通用三效循环系统的压力和溶解度要求,对通用三效循环系统进行了分析,并充分考虑各部件设计中的问题和COPs数值,以及处于高腐蚀环境中部件的数目。通过分析,确定了四个性价比较优的系统:Alkitrate Topping循环系统,Pressure Staged Envelope循环系统,High Overlap循环系统和Dual Loop循环系统。     

CO_2/NH_3复叠系统热力分析与冷凝蒸发器冷凝温度的优化

对CO2/NH3复叠制冷系统进行合理的假设,并将与压比有关的压缩机等熵效率拟合公式引用到计算中,其结果与实验数据吻合的比较好。通过热力分析,可知系统各主要部件由不可逆而多消耗的附加功在不同的Tcas_c下对系统的影响程度是不同的。对数据进行分析并应用多元线性回归法拟合出以Te、Tc和ΔT为自变量的最优Tcas_c及相应COPmax数学表达式。     

实际回热式布雷顿制冷机的性能优化

用有限时间热力学方法分析实际回热式布雷顿制冷机的性能特性,以制冷率和制冷系数为优化目标,优化了高低、温侧换热器和回热器的热导率分配以及工质和热源间的热容率匹配,并采用数值计算分析了各参数值对最优性能的影响特点.所得结果对工程制冷系统设计有一定的指导意义。     

室温磁制冷主动式磁蓄冷器数值模拟

提出了一个研究工作参数、设计参数对主动式磁蓄冷器(AMR)制冷性能影响的数值模型。三个主要参数包括:质量流量m、频率f、蓄冷器孔隙率ε,被用来表征AMR的制冷能力。数值模拟的结果表明:对一个AMR而言,存在一个最佳孔隙率;在某一确定孔隙率条件下,AMR存在最佳换热流体质量流量和最佳工作频率;与高频相比,AMR在较低频率下有更好的制冷性能,一味提高频率并不一定能提高AMR的制冷量。模拟结果对磁制冷样机的设计、工作参数的选择有很大的指导意义。     

Coefficient of Performance at Maximum χ-Criterion for Feynman Ratchet as a Refrigerator

The χ-criterion is defined as the product of the energy conversion efficiency and the heat absorbed per unit time by the working substance [de Tomás et al., Phys. Rev. E 85 (2012) 010104(R)]. The χ-criterion for Feynman ratchet as a refrigerator operating between two heat baths is optimized. Asymptotic solutions of the coefficient of performance at maximum χ-criterion for Feynman ratchet are investigated at both large and small temperature difference. An interpolation formula, which fits the numerical solution very well, is proposed. Besides, the sufficient condition for the universality of the coefficient of performance at maximum χ is investigated.     

一种新型自复叠制冷循环特性研究

提出一种新型自复叠制冷循环,通过设置喷射器,利用高压高沸点液态制冷剂引射低压低沸点气态制冷剂,充分回收高沸点组分的节流损失,提高压缩机吸气口处低沸点组分的吸气压力并获取更低制冷温度。建立了组成系统部件热力学数学模型,分析了冷凝温度、混合工质配比和压缩比等参数对传统自复叠制冷循环和新型自复叠制冷循环的工作特性影响。研究表明,新型自复叠制冷循环制冷效率与传统自复叠制冷循环相当,但前者所获得制冷温度比后者所获得制冷温度可降低约10～20℃     

新型喷射-吸收式变热器的研究

本文在分析现有的单级、两级和双效吸收式变热器结构的运行特点的基础上,提出了一种新型结构形式,即喷射-吸收式变热器.文中对喷射-吸收式变热器进行了详细的参数和性能分析.结果表明,其具有结构简单,输出温度较高,且效率也较高的特点.