西兰花种子提取萝卜硫素的酶解体系

以提取萝卜硫素主要酶解因素:pH、催化缓冲液类型、Zn2+浓度、Vc的浓度为4个考察因素,分别设立3个水平,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,优化提取酶解体系.结果表明,各因素的重要性顺序为:pH＞催化缓冲液类型＞Vc的浓度＞Zn2+浓度.西兰花种子生产萝卜硫素的最佳条件为:pH 5.0、Zn2+浓度为0.1mol/L、Vc的浓度为0.5mg/mL、以0.1mol/L醋酸-醋酸钠萝卜汁缓冲液为酶解缓冲体系.验证结果显示优选的缓冲液体系高效、稳定,可以作为西兰花种子提取萝卜硫素的酶解体系.     

Preparative HPLC of carotenoids

Summary A method is described for the preparative HPLC of up to 50mg of carotenoid using a self-packing axially-compressed column. Oxygenated carotenoids, xanthophylls, are separated with silica as the stationary phase and acetone/petroleum ether as the mobile phase, while carotenes are separated using magnesium oxide/polyamide as the stationary phase and undiluted petroleum ether as the mobile phase.     

Enhancement of ultrasound-assisted extraction of sulforaphane from broccoli seeds via the application of microwave pretreatment

In this study, microwave pretreatment and grinding treatment were used to enhance sulforaphane formation, then ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was applied to extract sulforaphane using simultaneous hydrolysis and extraction method. The effects of various parameters, which were ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, solid-water ratio and solid-ethyl acetate ratio on the extraction rate of sulforaphane were investigated. The results showed that microwave pretreatment enhanced sulforaphane formation. Excessive size reduction did not increase or even reduced extraction rate of sulforaphane. Simultaneous hydrolysis and extraction significantly increased extraction rate of sulforaphane compared to hydrolysis followed by extraction. UAE accelerated mass transfer and the solubilization of the targeted compounds due to the acoustic cavitation effect, thus enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of glucoraphanin and the extraction rate of sulforaphane. The extraction rate of sulforaphane using UAE with simultaneous hydrolysis and extraction was 4.07-fold of the conventional extraction method. UAE was an effective method to extract sulforaphane from broccoli seeds since it led to higher yield of sulforaphane in a much shorter extraction time.     

LED单色红光对西兰花采后黄化抑制效果的影响

光照是影响植物生长发育的重要因子,在植物生长过程中,对植物的生理代谢、光合特性、品质及衰老均有广泛的调节作用。然而国内外对于采后光照是否仍然可以提高果蔬品质,延长贮藏保鲜期的研究少见报道。采用红、蓝、绿三种单色光照射处理西兰花,红光对采后西兰花花球黄化具有抑制作用,蓝光抑制作用不明显,而绿光则加速了西兰花黄化,因此本文将重点研究LED单色红光对西兰花采后黄化抑制效果。采用波长为625±5 nm,光照强度(100±5)Lx的LED单色红光持续照射西兰花花球,以避光处理为对照。结果表明：LED单色红光能够抑制西兰花花球表面色差L值升高,保持色差-a/b值,延缓叶绿素降解;同时能够降低西兰花呼吸强度,推迟呼吸高峰,降低乙烯生成速率,有效保持了西兰花的商品性。相关性分析表明,采用LED单色红光处理后,乙烯生成速率与黄化指数之间达到极显著正相关水平(p<0.01)。与常规无光处理相比,LED单色红光处理延长了西兰花保鲜期5 d左右,为西兰花的贮藏保鲜提供理论依据。本文创新点在于首次将无化学污染、环境友好特性的LED单色光引入西兰花采后贮藏保鲜过程中,重点研究了LED单色红光对西兰花采后颜色变化的影响,明确了LED单色红光对西兰花采后黄化具有抑制作用。     

Quantitative determination of glucoraphanin in Brassica vegetables by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

Glucoraphanin, a glucosinolate, is found naturally in plants and is present in relatively high concentrations in broccoli. Glucosinolates have received much attention as studies have indicated that a diet rich in them may provide some protection from certain cancers. A micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method using sodium cholate as the micellar phase has been developed to quantify for glucoraphanin in broccoli (seeds and florets) and Brussels sprouts. The glucoraphanin peak elutes just under 5 min with a theoretical plate number of 380,000 per metre of capillary. The method is suitable for crude extracts of broccoli and Brussels sprouts. Glucoraphanin in broccoli seeds (1330 mg/100 g) broccoli florets (89 mg/100 g) and Brussels sprouts (3 mg/100 g) was determined and agreed with the data obtained by high performance liquid chromatography. The LODs were 10-100 times below the levels typically found in broccoli seeds (4 mg/100 g), broccoli florets (0.9 mg/100 g) and Brussels sprouts (0.1 mg/100 g).     

Influence of sequential exogenous pretreatment and contact ultrasound-assisted air drying on the metabolic pathway of glucoraphanin in broccoli florets

In this investigation, the combinations of exogenous pretreatment (melatonin or vitamin C) and contact ultrasound-assisted air drying were utilized to dry broccoli florets. To understand the influences of the studied dehydration methods on the conversion of glucoraphanin to bioactive sulforaphane in broccoli, various components (like glucoraphanin, sulforaphane, myrosinase, etc.) and factors (temperature and moisture) involved in the metabolism pathway were analyzed. The results showed that compared with direct air drying, the sequential exogenous pretreatment and contact ultrasound drying shortened the drying time by 19.0–22.7%. Meanwhile, contact sonication could promote the degradation of glucoraphanin. Both melatonin pretreatment and vitamin C pretreatment showed protective effects on the sulforaphane content and myrosinase activity during the subsequent drying process. At the end of drying, the sulforaphane content in samples dehydrated by the sequential melatonin (or vitamin C) pretreatment and ultrasound-intensified drying was 14.4% (or 26.5%) higher than only air-dried samples. The correlation analysis revealed that the exogenous pretreatment or ultrasound could affect the enzymatic degradation of glucoraphanin and the generation of sulforaphane through weakening the connections of sulforaphane-myrosinase, sulforaphane-VC, and VC-myrosinase. Overall, the reported results can enrich the biochemistry knowledge about the transformation of glucoraphanin to sulforaphane in cruciferous vegetables during drying, and the combined VC/melatonin pretreatment and ultrasound drying is conducive to protect bioactive sulforaphane in dehydrated broccoli.     

西兰花中13种有机含磷农药在不同色谱柱上的色谱保留行为

应用Agilent GC 6890气相色谱仪(附FPD检测器)对13种残留于西兰花中的有机含磷农药(OPP′s)在4种不同极性的毛细管色谱柱(即DB-1、DB-5、DB-1701及DB-35MS)上的保留行为作了研究。结果表明:采用由DB-5及DB-1701串联组成的色谱柱单元,西兰花中13种残留OPP′s可达到有效分离和测定。     

The Isolation and Determination of Sulforaphane from Broccoli Tissues by Reverse Phase‐High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Sulforaphane is a cognate isothiocyanate of glucoraphanin, released by degradation of glucosinolate through myrosinase enzyme, when Brassica tissues are crushed or chewed. C₈ analytical column and mixture of water/acetonitrile 65/35 (ν/ν) as mobile phase were used to separate sulforaphane in broccoli tissues (e.g., 7‐day‐seedling, seed, floret and leave). Confirmation of sulforaphane in crude extract of broccoli tissues was monitored using gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS). The highest amount of sulforaphane (1216 μg/g dry weight) found in 7‐day‐seedling. This method is suitable for routine screening of plant materials and proposes a low cost and robust technique for the analysis of sulforaphane.     

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with capillary flow modulation to separate FAME isomers

A method to separate FAME and the linoleic and linolenic acids isomers by GCxGC using an apparatus equipped with a capillary flow technology (CFT) based modulator and a FID detector has been developed. Four different column combinations (one conventional and three inverted phase sets) were used in these experiments. The conventional set first involved a DB5-MS non-polar column followed by a highly polar HP-INNOWax column in the second dimension. The inverted phase set comprised of a highly polar BPX-70 column in the first dimension and a non-polar ZB5-MS column for the second dimension. Furthermore, the influence of the length of the second dimension column on FAME isomer separation was studied in the inverted phase sets, along with other parameters like the modulation time and column flow. The best results in terms of the time required for the analysis and number of FAME identified with the inverted set were achieved with the shorter second dimension column. After supercritical fluid extraction, the method was applied to identify FAMEs in broccoli leaves from three different cultivars (Naxos, Nubia and Viola).     

青花菜绿体春化过程中光合特性的变化

以早熟品种“清风103”青花菜为试验材料,研究青花菜绿体春化过程中光合特性的动态变化,结果表明: 低温春化促进了青花菜的光合作用,青花菜植株叶片中总叶绿素质量比、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和胞间CO₂摩尔比（Ci）均随着春化的进程而增加,说明春化可以积累更多的碳水化合物,为春化结束后的花芽分化提供更多的能量.