Radiation model for nanoparticle: extension of classical Brownian motion concepts

Emissive power per unit area of a blackbody has been modeled as a function of frequency using quantum electrodynamics, semi-classical and classical approaches in the available literature. Present work extends the classical lumped-parameter systems model of Brownian motion of nanoparticle to abstract an emissive power per unit area model for nanoparticle radiating at temperature greater than absolute zero. The analytical model developed in present work has been based on synergism of local deformation leading to local motion of nanoparticle due to photon impacts. The work suggests the hypothesis of a free parameter f′ characterizing the damping coefficient of resistive forces to local motion of nanoparticle and the manipulation of which is possible to realize desired emissivity from nanoparticles. The model is validated with the well established Planck’s radiation law.     

Size effect of two-dimensional thermal radiation

Properties of two-dimensional thermal radiation are investigated as a function of sample size and temperature. The two-dimensional thermal radiation is different from two-dimensional blackbody radiation when the size of the sample becomes small due to the uncertainty principle, which shows the allowed minimum energy can?t be neglected. The energy density is shown as a function of sample size at a constant temperature. The energy density is also shown as a function of temperature at a constant size. It is shown that our prediction can be measured from the thermal radiation of graphene.     

Analytically derived conversion of spectral band radiance to brightness temperature

Simple analytic expressions for brightness temperature have been derived in terms of band response function spectral moments. Accuracy measures are also derived. Application of these formulas to GOES-12 Sounder thermal infrared bands produces brightness temperature residuals between −5.0 and 2.5 mK for a 150-400 K temperature range. The magnitude of residuals for the five ASTER Radiometer thermal infrared bands over the same temperature range is less than 0.22 mK.     

基于主成分回归的温度分布反演研究

多谱辐射测温是一种非接触温度测量方法,目前常用的多谱辐射测温只能反演出一个近似温度值,而无法给出实际的温度分布。针对此问题,基于普朗克定律,采用主成分回归算法,以强激光毁伤靶材温度测量为例,在脉冲能量为34.2 J的激光入射条件下,从热辐射谱中反演出近似温度值为2 700 K,拟合相对偏差为0.5%,当温度分布范围为2 600～2 800 K时,拟合相对偏差减小为0.13%,减小了温度反演偏差。首次给出了基于主成分回归方法的温度分布反演,提高了非接触式温度测量的表征精度。     

基于光谱发射率函数基形式不变的辐射测温技术

近年来,随着国防、工业、科技等领域飞速发展,无论是对于军用动力发射系统还是对于民用钢铁冶炼以及高科技新兴产业,辐射温度测量都具有重要意义。尤其在温度极高且伴随着瞬态测温(小于1 μs)需求的场合,多光谱辐射测温法被广泛运用。多光谱辐射测温法是通过选取被测目标多个特征波长,测量特征波长的辐射信息,再假设发射率与波长相关的数学模型,最终求解得到辐射温度。目前,利用该方法实际测温时,光谱发射率都采用固定的假设数学模型,而针对目标在不同温度状态下,该固定模型则无法进行自适应变化。同样,在不同温度下,如何解算最终的发射率和辐射温度也没有普适性的方法。基于普朗克黑体辐射定律,提出一种被测目标在不同温度下光谱发射率函数基形式不变的思想,简称发射率函数基形式不变法。通过该方法,发射率模型可以根据物体在不同温度状态下,函数系数动态改变来进行自适应变化。同时对于如何解算最终的发射率和辐射温度也相应提出了普适性的方法。通过大量仿真验证以及实际测量光谱辐射照度标准灯和溴钨灯温度实验,证明本文提出的方法比现有的光谱发射率处理方法更加简单实用并且能够有效地提高光谱发射率的计算精度,从而提高辐射温度测量精度。同时具有实用性好、应用广泛等特点。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）非线性多点定标方法研究

给出了线性定标和非线性多点定标的具体算法,并且应用加拿大BOMEM公司的MR-154傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,液氮制冷型中红外MCT探测器测量了中国科学院上海技术物理研究所研制的HFY-300A型黑体在几种不同温度下的辐射谱,其中的一些辐射谱用于定标,用其中的一个特定温度下的辐射谱来检验定标结果。结果表明这种非线性多点定标方法非常可靠,理论辐射谱与定标后辐射谱相对偏差集中在0.2%附近,最大相对偏差仍小于0.4%。     

丙三醇溶液声致发光中的黑体辐射谱

利用U型管圆锥泡声致发光装置,测量到了丙三醇溶液中圆锥泡声致发光的光谱和光脉冲。结果表明,测量得到的发光光谱为光滑的连续谱,且与理论模拟得到的黑体辐射谱相吻合,拟合温度分布于2 600～3 500 K范围内。文章从空间和时间两方面分析了圆锥泡空化发光中存在黑体辐射的原因：较大的气泡体积(气泡塌缩半径为1.4 cm)与较长的发光时间(几十微秒)。另外,实验研究表明随着发光波长的增长,光脉冲宽度变宽,从而进一步证明了圆锥泡声致发光中的黑体辐射机制。最后,利用测量得到的发光光谱和脉冲计算得到了发光光强为0.18 J,远远高于其他方式得到的声致发光光强。     

Mechanically Robust and Broadband Blackbody Composite Films Based on Self‐Assembled Layered Structures

Inspired by nacre that is mechanically strong and versatile in light manipulation, large‐scale black films with a nacre‐like microstructure and carbon nanotube inclusion were prepared using a facile self‐assembly technique. A layered structure promoting blackness and toughness simultaneously was realized, affording robust films with a solar–absorptivity as high as 96.9%. Our design strategy and fabrication process will be beneficial for the facile access to various advanced blackbody coatings.     

Progress on the optical lattice clock

Optical lattice clocks have made significant leaps forward in recent years, demonstrating the ability to measure time/frequency at unprecedented levels. Here we highlight this progress, with a particular focus on research efforts at NIST and JILA. We discuss advances in frequency instability and the characterization of key systematic effects, with a brief outlook to the future.     

多光谱瞬态测温计用于动力发射系统火焰测试

 无论在民用钢铁冶炼、焊接技术或者军用近代动力学发射系统中,对于目标火焰的辐射温度测量一直有着重要意义,其对钢铁冶炼成分的判定、焊接工艺的提高和动力系统轨道烧灼的研究都有着重要的影响。该情况下火焰不仅温度极高,而且在某些场合其产生是一个瞬态过程。因此,传统的接触式测温方法不再适用。基于经典的普朗克黑体辐射定律在测量时受到光谱发射效率的影响也难以准确得到最后结果。以经典的普朗克黑体辐射定律作为理论基础,结合多波长光谱辐射方法,研制了新型的多光谱辐射瞬态高温测温计。该高温计最快响应时间可达到2 ns。通过采用高分辨率衍射光栅和光纤连接的方式,保证多光谱提取的准确性。同时将经典的普朗克黑体辐射定律结合多波长提出新型辐射温度算法,不仅解决对该目标辐射温度的精准计算,更可以同时求得目标在该温度下的实时光谱发射效率。通过对高速发射目标和可调节亮度的溴钨灯测量的实验表明,该方法满足测量动力发射目标表面辐射温度分布的同时,也保证了较高的精度,满足了对于发射瞬间物体表面瞬态温度测试的要求。