丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺的简便有效合成

谷氨酰胺 (Ｇｌｎ)是肠道必需氨基酸 ,是肠粘膜细胞氧化的重要燃料。肠粘膜缺乏Ｇｌｎ将严重损伤肠屏障功能 ,创伤性休克及化疗应激可加重损害 ,导致肠粘膜萎缩 ,肠道细菌移位 ,甚至促发脓毒症和多器官功能不全 (ＭＯＤＳ) [1] 。但Ｇｌｎ性质不稳定 ,不能耐高温消毒 ,因此 ,一般氨基酸制剂不含Ｇｌｎ。Ａｌａ Ｇｌｎ为Ｇｌｎ代谢前体 ,溶解度高 ,性质较Ｇｌｎ稳定 ,能耐受热灭菌 ,在体内数分钟即分解出Ｇｌｎ ,能部分补偿肠道所需Ｇｌｎ ,减少严重创伤及腹腔注射化疗药物 5 氟尿嘧啶 (5 ＦＵ)引发的小肠粘膜形态功能改变 ,细菌移位 ,降低…     

稀土钬及铒钇丙氨酸配合物的量热与热分析研究

合成了两种固态稀土丙氨酸配合物[Ho2(Ala)4(H2O)8]Cl6和[ErY(Ala)4(H2O)8](ClO4)6 (Ala为丙氨酸),用量热和热分析方法研究了这两种配合物的热力学性质.用全自动高精密绝热量热计测定了在78～377 K温区内的低温热容.对于[Ho2(Ala)4(H2O)8]Cl6,在214～255 K温区内发现一固-固相变,其相变温度为235.09 K.对于[ErY(Ala)4(H2O)8](ClO4)6,在99～121 K温区内也发现一固-固相变,其相变温度为115.78 K. [Ho2(Ala)4(H2O)8]Cl6固-固相变焓为3.02 kJ• mol－1,相变熵为12.83 J•K－1•mol－1； [ErY(Ala)4(H2O)8](ClO4)6 固-固相变焓为1.96 kJ•mol－1,相变熵为16.90 J•K－1•mol－1.同时,用TG技术在40～800 ℃温区研究了两配合物的热稳定性.由TG/DTG曲线分析可知, [Ho2(Ala)4(H2O)8]Cl6从80 ℃到479 ℃热分解分两步完成, [ErY(Ala)4(H2O)8](ClO4)6从120 ℃到430 ℃热分解分三步完成.     

Detection and Sequence Identification of Dinucleotides Produced from N‐Phosphoryl Alanine and Four Nucleosides by HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS

本文利用液相色谱质谱联用技术研究了N－磷酰化丙氨酸和四种核苷（腺苷,尿苷,胞苷和鸟苷）的模板反应产物。结果表明生成了不同类型的单核苷酸和二核苷酸,并且生成的二核苷酸序列也得到了确证。研究结果揭示,二核苷酸骨架裂解形成的c离子可以作为确证二核苷酸序列的诊断离子。本文首次证明不论是在正离子模式还是在负离子模式下,c离子都可以用来确定此反应体系中生成的二核苷酸产物的序列。     

DL—丙氨酸与氢氧化铜固相配位反应的热化学研究

研究固态化学反应对合成化学、理论研究以及工业生产都有重要意义,南京大学忻新泉等人在室温或低温温度条件下固相配位反应的合成及机理研究方面做了许多有意义的工作[1,2],为使低温温度固相合成法最终走向应用作了积极贡献。由于固相配位反应的热效应难以直接测定,热化学...     

稀土钬丙氨酸配合物的热力学性质

合成了稀土氯化钬丙氨酸配合物，[Ho2(Ala)4(H2O)8]Cl6，的晶体.用绝热量热法测定了其在78～363 K温区的热容.在214～255 K温区发现一固－固相变，相变峰温、相变焓和相变熵分别为235.09 K，3.017 kJ•mol－1和12.83 J•K－1•mol－1.用最小二乘法将实验热容值拟合成热容随温度变化的多项式方程,利用此方程式和热力学函数关系,计算出以298.15 K为参考温度的热力学函数值.在40～800 ℃温区，用热重分析和差示扫描量热法研究了该配合物的热稳定性，观察到[Ho2(Ala)4(H2O)8]Cl6分两步分解，第一步从80 ℃开始，179 ℃结束；第二步从242 ℃开始，479 ℃结束.从热分析结果推测出该配合物可能的热分解机理.     

Molecular Interactions of Macrocycles with Dipeptides in Aqueous Solutions. Partial Molar Volumes and Heat Capacities of Transfer of a Chiral 18-Crown-6 and of a Calix[4]resorcinarene Derivative from Water to Aqueous Dipeptide Solutions at 25°C

Densities and specific heat capacities of ternary aqueous systems containing a dipeptide (alanyl-alanine, alanyl-glutamic acid, alanyl-serine or L-seryl-L-leucine) and a macrocycle (D--manno-naphtho-18-crown-6-ether or 2,8,14,20-tetrakis[-methyl (aminoformyl)]-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octahydroxycalix[4]arene) were determined at 25°C by flow densimetry and flow calorimetry. The partial molar volume and heat capacity of transfer of a macrocycle from water to the dipeptide solution was determined as a function of the dipeptide concentration. Positive values for transfer volumes and transfer heat capacities are observed with all the solutions studied. With the crown ether, except for alanyl-glutamic acid where a 1:1 complex is clearly evidenced due to specific interactions of the side-chain functional group of the peptide with the crown ether, no stoichiometric complexes are confirmed and the partial molar quantities of transfer increase with the hydrophobic character of the dipeptide. Partial quantities of transfer are smaller with the calixarene than with the crown ether and stoichiometric complexes [calixarene]/[dipeptide] from 2:1 to 1:4 are evidenced, depending on the nature and the concentration of the dipeptide.     

Conformational structure of peptides containing dehydroalanine: Formation of β‐bend ribbon structure

α,β‐Unsaturated amino acids (dehydroamino acids) have been found in naturally occurring antibiotics of microbial origin and in some proteins. Due to the presence of the C_αC_β double bond, the dehydroamino acids influence the main‐chain and the side‐chain conformations. The lowest‐energy conformational state of the model tripeptides, Ac–X–ΔAla–NHMe, (X=Ala, Val, Leu, Abu, or Phe) corresponds to ϕ₁=−30°, ψ₁=120° and ϕ₂=ψ₂=30°. This structure is stabilized by the hydrogen bond between CO of the acetyl group and the NH of the amide group, resulting in the formation of a 10‐membered ring. In the model heptapeptide containing ΔAla at alternate position with Ala, Abu, and Leu, the lowest‐energy conformation corresponds to ϕ=−30° and ψ=120° for all the Ala, Abu, and Leu residues and ϕ=ψ=30° for all ΔAla residues. A graphical view of the molecule in this conformation reveals the formation of three hydrogen bonds involving the CO moiety of the ith residue and the NH moiety of the i+3th residue, resulting in a 10‐membered ring formation. In this structure, only alternate peptide bonds are involved in the intramolecular hydrogen‐bond formation unlike the helices and it has been named the β‐bend ribbon structure. The helical structures were predicted to be the most stable structures in the heptapeptide Ac–(Aib–ΔAla)₃–NHMe with ϕ=±30°, ψ=±60° for Aib residues and ϕ=ψ=±30° for ΔAla residues. The computational results reveal that the ΔAla residue does not induce an inverse γ‐turn in the preceding residue. It is the competitive interaction of small solvent molecules with the hydrogen‐bonding sites of the peptide which gives rise to the formation of an inverse γ‐turn (ϕ₁=−54°, ψ₁=82°; ϕ₂=44°, ψ₂=3°) in the preceding residue to ΔAla. The computational studies for the positional preference of ΔAla in the peptide containing one ΔAla and nine Ala residues reveals the formation of a 3₁₀ helical structure in all the cases with the terminal preferences for ΔAla, consistent with the position of ΔAla in the natural antibiotics. The extended structures is found to be the most stable for poly‐ΔAla. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 72: 15–23, 1999     

气相环境下丙氨酸Ca2+配合物的手性转变机理及水分子的催化作用

采用基于密度泛函理论的M06方法,研究了气相环境下2种稳定构型的丙氨酸（Ala）与Ca²⁺配合物的手性转变及水分子的催化。研究发现,Ala_1·Ca²⁺的手性转变有a和b 2个通道,a通道是α-氢只以羰基氧为桥迁移;b通道是α-氢迁移到羰基氧后,氨基上的质子在纸面内侧向α-碳迁移。Ala_2·Ca²⁺的手性转变有a、b、c、d 4个通道,a和b通道分别是羧基内质子迁移后,α-氢只以羰基氧为桥迁移和α-氢迁移到羰基氧接质子从氨基氮向α-碳迁移;c通道是钙与氮的配位键断裂后,α-氢向氨基氮迁移;d通道是钙与氮的配位键断裂后,Ala_2·Ca²⁺向Ala_1·Ca²⁺异构,再接Ala_1·Ca²⁺的手性转变。势能面计算表明,Ala_1·Ca²⁺手性转变的a通道具有优势,总包能垒为134.8 kJ·mol^－1,Ala_2·Ca²⁺手性转变的d通道具有优势,总包能垒为235.3 kJ·mol^－1;水分子的催化使能垒分别降至40.8和141.3 kJ·mol^－1。结果表明,Ca²⁺对Ala的手性转变具有催化作用,水分子对丙氨酸Ca²⁺配合物的手性转变具有极好的催化作用。     

Low-temperature heat capacities and standard molar enthalpy of formation of the solid-state coordination compound trans-Cu(Ala)2(s) (Ala = l-α-alanine)

Low-temperature heat capacities of the solid coordination compound trans-Cu(Ala)₂(s) have been measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from T = 78 K to 390 K. The experimental values of the molar heat capacities in the temperature region were fitted to a polynomial equation of heat capacities (C_p,m) with the reduced temperatures (X), [X = f (T)], by a least square method. The smoothed molar heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the complex trans-Cu(Ala)₂(s) were calculated based on the fitted polynomial. The smoothed values of the molar heat capacities and fundamental thermodynamic functions of the sample relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15 K were tabulated with an interval of 5 K. Enthalpies of dissolution of {Cu(Ac)₂·H₂O(s) + 2Ala (s)} and 2:1 HAc (aq) in 100 ml of 2 mol dm⁻³ HCl, respectively, and trans-Cu(Ala)₂(s) in the solvent [2:1 HAc (aq) + 2 mol dm⁻³ HCl] at T = 298.15 K were determined to be , , and by means of an isoperibol solution-reaction calorimeter. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was determined as from the enthalpies of dissolution and other auxiliary thermodynamic data using a Hess thermochemical cycle.     

Improving detection sensitivity of amino acids in thyroid tissues by using phthalic acid as a mobile phase additive in hydrophilic interaction chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

In this work, 0.08 mmol L⁻¹ of phthalic acid was introduced as a mobile phase additive to quantify free amino acids (AAs) by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The addition of phthalic acid significantly increased the signal intensity of protonated AA ions, resulting from the decrease of the relative abundance of AA sodium adducts. Meanwhile, the chromatographic peak shapes of AAs were optimized. As a consequence, there was a noticeable increase in the sensitivity of detection for AAs. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the AAs ranged from 0.0500 to 20.0 ng mL⁻¹ and from 0.100 to 50.0 ng mL⁻¹, respectively, which were 4–50 times lower compared to the values measured without the addition of phthalic acid. The enhanced detection and separation of AAs were obtained by merely adding phthalic acid to the mobile phase without changing other conditions. Eventually, this simple method was validated and successfully applied to the analysis of twenty-four kinds of free AAs in human thyroid carcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues, demonstrating a significant increase of most AAs in thyroid carcinoma tissues (p < 0.05).