Effect of heat treatment on phase transformation of aluminum nitride ultrafine powder prepared by chemical vapor deposition

Ultrafine aluminum nitride (AlN) powders were obtained by chemical vapor deposition via AlCl₃–NH₃–N₂ system operated at various temperatures and at a same 200 cm³/min flow rate of NH₃ and N₂, respectively. It has been shown that when the reaction temperature of AlCl₃ and NH₃ was above 600°C, then crystalline AlN powder can be formed; whereas, amorphous AlN was obtained with NH₄Cl if reacted in a lower-temperature zone of the reaction chamber. The amorphous AlN powder was heat treated at 1400°C under NH₃ and N₂ atmosphere for 2 h, then the crystalline phases of the obtained powder belong to a single phase of AlN; a mixture of AlN and Al₂O₃ and only AlON, respectively. On the other hand, if crystalline AlN powder is heat treated at 1400°C under N₂ atmosphere for 2 h, the crystalline phases were composed of the major phase of AlN and a minor phase of Al₂O₃. The morphology, particle size and agglomerate size of the AlN powder were strongly dependent on the heat-treatment temperature. The particle size of AlN powder increases from 28.1 to 45.0 nm, as the heat treatment temperature increases from 800 to 1400°C.     

Effect of high stirring speed on the agglomerate behaviors for cohesive SiO2 powders in gas fluidization

The effects of superficial gas velocity and mechanical stirring speed on the precise regulation of flow regimes for cohesive SiO₂ powders (mean diameter is 16 μm) were experimentally investigated in a stirring-assisted fluidized bed. The results showed that compared with the agglomerates formed in the non-assisted fluidization of cohesive SiO₂ powders, the introduction of mechanical stirring could effectively reduce the size of agglomerates and well disperse the agglomerates during fluidization. The best regulation range of agglomerate particulate fluidization can be achieved at 600 rpm when agglomerate sizes were reduced to below 200 μm. Further investigation based on the operational phase diagram revealed that transformations of flow regimes were dominated by both stirring speed and gas velocity. The stirring applied enlarges the operational range of agglomerate particulate fluidization (APF) with a delayed onset of bubbling for cohesive particles. However, the exorbitant speed increases the collision velocity and contact area between small agglomerates, which results in the formation of unstable agglomerates and the whirlpool of powder.     

基于分形理论的驻波声场中颗粒团运动特性数值预测*

基于分形理论,建立驻波声场中颗粒团动力学模型,对颗粒团的夹带系数、相位滞后和漂移系数进行数值预测。将预测结果和实验进行对比,二者吻合良好。在此基础上,研究了组成颗粒团的原生颗粒半径、数目以及排列情况对于颗粒团运动特性参数的影响。结果表明,对于由两个原生颗粒组成的颗粒团,原生颗粒半径越接近,颗粒团与等体积球形颗粒运动特性的差异越大;在分形维数一定时,随着原生颗粒数目的增多,颗粒团的夹带系数减小,相位滞后增加,漂移系数先增大后减小,颗粒团与等体积球形颗粒的动力学行为存在显著差异;原生颗粒排列趋于致密时,颗粒团的夹带系数增大,相位滞后减小,漂移系数发生单调变化,与等体积球形颗粒运动特性的差异缩小。     

Experimental infrared spectroscopic measurement of light extinction for agglomerate dust grains

Optical properties of aggregate dust grains hold a key to understand many astrophysical problems. Scattering and absorption features are strongly influenced by morphological aspects of grains (particle size, shape, and agglomeration). We have experimentally investigated the morphological effects on the extinction band in the infrared region for amorphous silica (SiO₂) particles which are of 0.5, 1.0, and in diameter. Deviations of the peak position of this band have been detected depending on environment (air or KBr), particle size, and manufacturer of the samples. We found that the peak position difference of silica particles with a diameter of 0.5 and was in wavelength whereas the effect of different environments were approximately . In addition, the measured band profiles were compared with calculations for five cluster shapes applying three different theoretical approaches (Mie, T-matrix, and DDA). The calculated extinction efficiencies beyond the peaks rose as the particle size and the particle numbers in the clusters increased. The same rise compared to the Mie calculation was observed in the experimental spectra, which was, therefore, interpreted as a result of the clustering of the particles.     

Integrative filtration research and sustainable nanotechnology

With the wide applications of nanomaterials in an array of industries,more concerns are being raised about the occupational health and safety of nanoparticles in the workplace,and implications of nanotechnology on the environment and living systems.Studies on environmental,health and safety(EHS) issues of nanomaterials play a significant role in public acceptance,and eventual sustainability,of nanotechnology. We present research results on three aspects of the EHS studies:characterization and measurement of nanoparticles,nanoparticle emission and exposure at workplaces,and control and abatement of nanoparticle release using filtration technology.Measurement of nanoparticle agglomerates using a newly developed instrument,the Universal Nanoparticle Analyzer,is discussed.Nanoparticle emission and exposure measurement results for carbon nanotubes in the manufacture of nanocomposites and for silicon nanoparticles in their production at a pilot scale facility are presented.Filtration of nanoparticles and nanoparticle agglomerates are also studied.     

水促进Co/Mo/Al2O3催化剂上碳纳米管的生长

对水促进Co/Mo/Al2O3催化剂裂解乙烯生长碳纳米管(CNTs)的研究发现,通入体积分数(φ)为0.6％的水蒸汽在1h内可将CNTs的生长倍率从3.7 g·g-1提高至70 g·g-1.水的作用在于恢复被无定形碳包覆的催化剂颗粒的活性,水的加入量由于其积碳(促进同体碳生成)和消碳(去除固体碳)的竞争作用而存在最佳值.不同反应时间下乙烯的转化率与有效催化剂含量的分析表明,在CNTs生长后期,水的催化促进作用减弱.将催化剂的相对活性与CNT聚团的相对密度关联发现,反应后期的CNTs主要在聚团内部缠绕生长,催化剂被包覆失活.拉曼测试与差热热重分析表明,生长阻力导致所得CNTs缺陷增多,CNT聚团密度变化与CNT缺陷间存在对应关系.聚团内外CNTs的生长阻力不同,生长倍率不同,导致产品纯度不均匀.     

颗粒聚合体碰撞破损的细观力学仿真研究

粉末和颗粒材料常常以聚合体(agglomerate,还可译成结块, 聚团等)的形式存在.无论是自然环境中还是工业处理过程中, 微小颗粒聚合体碰撞破损是一常见物理现象.近十几年来, 对颗粒聚合体碰撞研究在试验和数值模拟方面均取得了很大的进展.特别是利用颗粒离散元方法, 结合经典接触力学理论, 对微米颗粒聚合体碰撞破损的细观力学机理进行的研究, 取得了很多重要成果.基本形成了较为完善的模拟分析方法, 提出了许多新概念, 形成了目前适于分析研究的专用分析程序.本文介绍了目前国际上颗粒聚合体碰撞破损模拟研究的一般方法和理论, 总结了现有的主要研究内容及成果, 并提出一些研究展望.