运动涡旋脉冲引起的光学畸变

 主要研究了气动噪声对光传输和成像的影响。流场求解采用法福尔平均N-S方程，并分别利用基于MUSCL格式的AUSMPW+分裂和二阶中心格式对流通量和粘性通量进行离散处理；用四步四阶Runge-Kutta格式对方程进行时间推进求解，采用J-B两方程模型并经Sarkar方法进行可压缩修正后用于湍流的数值模拟。采用基于光学传递函数的物理光学方法分析平均流动和湍流对光质的影响。研究表明：涡脉冲在运动过程中会引起光束沿涡脉冲运动方向产生较大的整体偏折，偏折幅度随时间而变，最大偏折幅度可以达到1.7 μrad；在与涡脉冲运动的垂直方向，整体偏折基本可以忽略不记。在涡脉冲横穿光束的过程中，平均流动会导致焦平面光强峰值有两次下降，平均流动对光强重新分布的影响比湍流脉动影响更强。涡脉冲在运动过程中，先导致光束能量在与涡脉冲运动垂直的方向上扩散，随后使之在涡脉冲运动方向上向外转移。因能量向外扩散，导致Strehl比在0.9 s时刻降低到0.60左右。     

沿Z型光传输管道轴向吹气对激光传输的影响

针对在Z型管道中传输的高能量密度激光束受到的气体热效应问题,采用光波标量衍射方程计算光传输、N-S方程计算管道内流场,仿真计算了以不同的速度沿管道轴向吹入对激光能量无吸收的气体时,由于气流扰动对出射光束远场光斑质量的影响。结果表明,在采用纵向吹气减小气体热效应对光束传输的影响时,应尽可能采用大气量、低流速的方案,既有利于排空管道中的杂质气体,减小气体热效应,又有利于减小管道中流场密度分布的不均匀性,从而保证出射光束的质量。     

基于本征正交分解函数的波前动态高分辨率重构

 应用Hartmann波前传感器测量了准直平行光通过低速热射流后的畸变波前时间序列,对该时间序列进行本征正交分解得到系列本征函数和时间系数,对本征函数进行双线性插值处理得到未布置探测器处的本征函数值,新本征函数与时间系数相乘从而获得未布置探测器处的波前数据。在时域和频域比较了波前预测值与实际值,结果表明了该插值方法的有效性,从而实现对波前的高时间、高空间分辨率测量。     

Aerodynamic heating of the dome on imaging quality degradation of conformal optical systems

The aerodynamic flow field surrounding the conformal dome was calculated. The thermal response of the aerodynamically heated conformal dome was analyzed. Gradient refractive index method was used to rebuild the non-uniform refractive index field of the conformal dome. Zernike polynomial fitting method was employed to establish the deformed surfaces of the conformal dome. Zernike aberration theory and modulation transfer function were adopted to evaluate the imaging quality of the conformal optical system. The results show that the aerodynamic heating of the dome severely affects the imaging quality of the conformal optical system.     

High-order parabolic beam approximation for aero-optics

The parabolic beam equations are solved using high-order compact differences for the Laplacians and Runge–Kutta integration along the beam path. The solution method is verified by comparison to analytical solutions for apertured beams and both constant and complex index of refraction. An adaptive 4th-order Runge–Kutta using an embedded 2nd-order method is presented that has demonstrated itself to be very robust. For apertured beams, the results show that the method fails to capture near aperture effects due to a violation of the paraxial approximation in that region. Initial results indicate that the problem appears to be correctable by successive approximations. A preliminary assessment of the effect of turbulent scales is undertaken using high-order Lagrangian interpolation. The results show that while high fidelity methods are necessary to accurately capture the large scale flow structure, the method may not require the same level of fidelity in sampling the density for the index of refraction. The solution is used to calculate a phase difference that is directly compared with that commonly calculated via the optical path difference. Propagation through a supersonic boundary layer shows that for longer wavelengths, the traditional method to calculate the optical path is less accurate than for shorter wavelengths. While unlikely to supplant more traditional methods for most aero-optics applications, the current method can be used to give a quantitative assessment of the other methods as well as being amenable to the addition of more physics.     

超音速湍流脉动流场气动光学效应分析

对高超音速飞行器在大气中飞行时所产生的湍流脉动气动光学效应进行了理论分析与计算.根据CFD计算流场时所使用的湍流模型及其控制方程,推导出流场的折射率脉动方差控制方程.用统计方法,求出该脉动流场的系综平均光学传递函数及相位均方差,从不同角度描述了湍流脉动的气动光学效应.计算结果表明,气动光学传输函数的幅度响应函数具有低通特征,使所获得的图像发生像模糊,而相位响应函数则导致红外成像相位非线性偏移.此外,在相同飞行高度下,马赫数越高,图像模糊越严重.电弧风洞实验结果验证了本文理论分析的正确性.     

光路交叠对强光传输的影响

实验中观察到高能激光束通过光程总长、气体环境等条件相同,但局部布置不同的光路后,其接收光斑峰值功率密度、波前离焦和高阶像差等光束参量有差异.对此问题,选择Z型和X型两种总长度相等的光路在相同气体环境下进行了数值研究.结果表明,产生上述差异的主要原因是由于两种光路中光束交叠区域大小和形状不同引起的气体热效应产生的附加相位有所不同.而且对不同特性的光束,该差异也不同.对高斯光束,两种光路中气体热效应对光束影响的差异较小;对平顶高斯空心光束,两种光路中气体热效应对光束影响的差异较明显.因此,为抑制气体热效应对光束的影响,在考虑其它因素的同时,应尽可能减小光路中的光束交叠区域.     

Study on the optical path difference of aero-optical window

To study the optical path difference (OPD) of optical widow in which light beams transmit under the aerodynamic thermal environment, a grid model is introduced. Based on it, the aero-optical effect of the side-mounted window is analyzed in detail combining the optical transmission theory and the numerical simulation method. Firstly, the temperature and stress of the window are simulated, and then the OPD is obtained through the refractive index. To demonstrate it, temperature field, deformation field and stress field of the window are calculated and analyzed. The influences of thermal shock and atmosphere pressure on the OPD are discussed.     

飞行器外流场对光传输的影响

针对细光束在飞行器外流场中传输受流场影响的问题,发展了光波标量衍射方程和气体运动的完全可压缩Navier-Stokes方程耦合的方法,并结合长度加权插值技术,对光束在飞行器定常外流场中传输的情形进行了数值仿真分析.结果表明,通过飞行器外流场的光束会发生偏转和离焦,为保证飞行器上光学装置的正常工作,须考虑必要的调校或补偿.     

Study on a neural network model for high speed turbulent boundary layer inducing optical distortions

A neural network (NN) model for high speed turbulent boundary layer inducing aero optical distortions is proposed to solve the spatial frequency problem in sparse measurements. The temperature fluctuation, a measurable flow state, is set as the NN model input, and the optical path difference (OPD) is outputted. The NN structure, its optimal inputting point number and neuron number of hidden layer are analyzed. Numerical simulation results for two flow cases show that the OPDs of simulated positions using only limited points have good agreements with the calculated ones by ray tracing from whole field. Their correlation coefficient is up to 0.95 and the relative error of OPD root mean square is within 7% for both cases, which validates this model. Besides, its accuracy performances for different cases are analyzed, and the results accord with the experimental knowledge. This research provides numerical basis for the practical application of NN in sparse measurements.