近太阳17颗年轻恒星锂丰度: 丽江1.8 m望远镜高色散光谱观测

应用中国科学院云南天文台丽江天文观测站1.8 m望远镜及其折轴光谱仪,对18颗近太阳样本恒星进行了高色散光谱观测,获得这些恒星高质量的高色散光谱。表明原中国科学院国家天文台兴隆观测站2.16 m折轴光谱仪搬迁、改造获得成功,达到并超过了预期的效果。以丽江天文观测站1.8 m望远镜及其折轴光谱仪观测获得的高质量的高色散光谱为基础,应用高斯拟合方法测量了样本中17颗年轻类太阳恒星锂吸收线的等值宽度,并计算了锂元素丰度。应用Hall给出的经验公式,计算了这些年轻恒星的Ca ⅡΗ和Κ(λ=395.0 nm)辐射强度。讨论了锂元素丰度和表明恒星色球活动的Ca H和K线辐射强度之间的关系。发现锂元素丰度值高的年轻恒星,其Ca H和K线辐射更强。考虑到恒星自转速度随恒星年龄的变化,小质量主序前恒星随着恒星年龄的增加,自转明显的加快;主序恒星随着恒星年龄的增加,自转逐渐变慢。我们的结果支持恒星自转越快,其活动性也就越强,以及色球活动较强的恒星具有高的锂元素丰度值。     

Fluorine in the Earth and the solar system,where does it come from and can it be found?

This review (1) presents a summary of the distribution of fluorine in different fluid (surficial, subterranean, metamorphic, and magmatic–hydrothermal–geothermal) and solid (oceanic and continental crust, mantle, and core) domains of the Earth, and various extraterrestrial materials and bodies (meteorites, planets and moons, and the Sun); (2) it provides an estimate of the total fluorine abundance for the Earth and in its dominant reservoirs contributing to the Earth's fluorine endowment; and (3) it discusses key observations that could further improve our understanding of fluorine abundances and geochemical systematics.     

Steady state models of stable isotopic distributions

This study reviews common calculations and mathematical models used in stable isotopic studies. Some approximations are adopted to simplify the algebra for use in steady state models, with more rigorous mathematics outlined in an Appendix. Review shows that steady-state isotopic models are easy to construct, provide good approximations of system behavior, and are very helpful in evaluating isotopic cycling in many kinds of systems.     

Response on “Regulations in the field of residue and doping analysis should ensure a well-defined risk of a false positive declaration” by N. M. Faber

Dr. Faber provided support for a valuable methodology for the comparison of mass spectra. However, since many other factors are involved in the evaluation process before declaring a sample “positive”, i.e. reporting an adverse analytical finding, his conclusions on this subject are incorrect. In this paper a number of arguments are listed showing that Dr. Faber did not take all factors under consideration when making his claims. These factors involve parameters directly related to mass spectrometric criteria, but also to other equally important factors including sample preparation specificity, retention time (since in doping control mass spectrometry is used as part of a hyphenated technique), etc. These arguments clearly illustrate that the risks for a false positive declaration can not be calculated according to Dr. Faber’s proposed methodology. Papers published in this section do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Editors, the Editorial Board and the Publisher.     

基于LASSO算法的恒星α元素丰度估计方法研究

主要研究了一种新的基于LASSO算法的恒星α元素丰度估计方法。海量恒星的α元素(O, Mg, Si, Ca 和Ti)丰度信息将有助于我们了解银河系的演化进程。但目前从中低分辨率光谱中确定α元素丰度的方法主要是模板匹配法,但该方法算法复杂,优化参数较为困难且对噪声敏感,因此有必要研究新的方法。实验结果显示,LASSO算法对ELODIE光谱的α丰度的估计精度为0.003(0.078)dex。为验证光谱分辨率变化对LASSO算法结果的影响,我们首先用ELODIE光谱通过高斯卷积得到了分辨率为42 000, 21 000, 10 500, 4 200和2 100的光谱,然后使用LASSO算法估计α元素丰度,精度分别为0.003 3(0.078)dex,-0.05(0.059)dex,-0.007(0.060)dex,0.008 0(0.069)dex和-0.004 5(0.067)dex。上述结果证明LASSO算法对分辨率变化不敏感。为验证LASSO算法对信噪比变化的鲁棒性,使用ELODIE光谱分别构造了信噪比为30, 25, 20, 15和5的光谱。LASSO算法在上述数据集上的精度分别为-0.002(0.076)dex, -0.09(0.073)dex, 0.003 6(0.075)dex, 0.007 6(0.078)dex 和-0.009(0.08)dex,因而LASSO算法对信噪比变化不敏感。因此,LASSO算法适用于低分辨率低信噪比的LAMOST和SDSS光谱。LASSO算法在SDSS光谱上的估计精度为0.003 7(0.097)dex,而在球状星团和疏散星团成员星上的结果显示LASSO算法给出的丰度与文献给出α丰度值误差在1σ以内。因此,LASSO算法能够用于估计恒星的α元素丰度。     

A highly sensitive “turn‐on” fluorescent sensor for the detection of human serum proteins based on the size exclusion of the polyacrylamide gel

A highly sensitive “turn‐on” fluorescent sensor based on the size exclusion of the polyacrylamide gel was developed for the on‐gels detection of human serum proteins after PAGE. The possible mechanism of this fluorescence sensor was illustrated and validated by utilizing five kinds of colloidal silver nanoparticles with different particle size distribution and six kinds of polyacrylamide gels with different pore size. It was attributed to that silver nanoparticles (<5 nm in diameter) had been selectively absorbed into the gel and formed the small silver nanoclusters, resulting in the red fluorescence. Using this new technique for the detection of human serum proteins after PAGE, a satisfactory sensitivity was achieved and some relatively low‐abundance proteins (e.g. zinc‐alpha‐2‐glycoprotein), which are the significant proteinic markers of certain diseases can be easily detected, but not with traditional methods. Furthermore, it was also successfully applied to distinguish between serums from hepatoma patient and healthy people. As a new protein detection technique, the colloidal silver nanoparticles based “turn‐on” fluorescent sensor offers a rapid, economic, low background, and sensitive way for direct detection of human serum proteins, showing available potential and significance in the development of nanobiotechnology and proteome research.     

中低分辨率光谱的恒星Mg元素丰度估计方法研究

主要研究了一种新的基于ELM算法的中低分辨光谱的恒星Mg元素丰度估计方法。大科学工程郭守敬望远镜（LAMOST）为我们提供了海量的中低分辨率的光谱,确定这些光谱的Mg元素丰度将有助于我们深入了解银河系的形成历史和演化过程。目前从中低分辨率光谱中确定Mg元素丰度的方法主要是模板匹配法,但该方法算法复杂,优化参数较为困难且对噪声敏感,因此有必要研究新的方法。实验结果显示,ELM算法对MILES光谱的Mg丰度的估计的精度为0.009 9（0.15）dex,而对信噪比大于50的LAMOST光谱的精度为0.002 7（0.11）dex。通过与其他算法进行对比,证实ELM算法是一种能精确估计中低分辨率光谱的Mg元素丰度的算法,能够应用于LAMOST后期的光谱数据中。     

Laws of nature that define biological action and perception

We describe a physical approach to biological functions, with the emphasis on the motor and sensory functions. The approach assumes the existence of biology-specific laws of nature uniting salient physical variables and parameters. In contrast to movements in inanimate nature, actions are produced by changes in parameters of the corresponding laws of nature. For movements, parameters are associated with spatial referent coordinates (RCs) for the effectors. Stability of motor actions is ensured by the abundant mapping of RCs across hierarchical control levels. The sensory function is viewed as based on an interaction of efferent and afferent signals leading to an iso-perceptual manifold where percepts of salient sensory variables are stable. This approach offers novel interpretations for a variety of known neurophysiological and behavioral phenomena and makes a number of novel testable predictions. In particular, we discuss novel interpretations for the well-known phenomena of agonist-antagonist co-activation and vibration-induced illusions of both position and force. We also interpret results of several new experiments with unintentional force changes and with analysis of accuracy of perception of variables produced by elements of multi-element systems. Recently, this approach has been expanded to interpret motor disorders including spasticity and consequences of subcortical disorders (such as Parkinson's disease). We suggest that the approach can be developed for cognitive functions.     

Regulations in the field of residue and doping analysis should ensure the risk of false positive declaration is well-defined

The purpose of this contribution is twofold, namely, to discuss the fundamental weaknesses of some decision criteria in the field of residue and doping analysis and to draw attention to a statistics-based solution that was proposed and thoroughly validated a decade ago, but nevertheless continues to be overlooked by practitioners. Papers published in this section do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Editors, the Editorial Board, and the Publisher.