首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   16869篇
  免费   792篇
  国内免费   1965篇
化学   13463篇
晶体学   169篇
力学   165篇
综合类   198篇
数学   1566篇
物理学   4065篇
  2023年   110篇
  2022年   539篇
  2021年   406篇
  2020年   255篇
  2019年   334篇
  2018年   254篇
  2017年   321篇
  2016年   349篇
  2015年   363篇
  2014年   504篇
  2013年   1066篇
  2012年   786篇
  2011年   816篇
  2010年   756篇
  2009年   1138篇
  2008年   1152篇
  2007年   1115篇
  2006年   989篇
  2005年   918篇
  2004年   760篇
  2003年   585篇
  2002年   499篇
  2001年   434篇
  2000年   1244篇
  1999年   905篇
  1998年   841篇
  1997年   291篇
  1996年   267篇
  1995年   281篇
  1994年   229篇
  1993年   209篇
  1992年   181篇
  1991年   129篇
  1990年   83篇
  1989年   90篇
  1988年   48篇
  1987年   48篇
  1986年   34篇
  1985年   48篇
  1984年   37篇
  1983年   23篇
  1982年   26篇
  1981年   39篇
  1980年   28篇
  1979年   17篇
  1978年   21篇
  1977年   12篇
  1976年   9篇
  1974年   8篇
  1973年   12篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A tertiary hydroxy group α to a carboxyl moiety comprises a key structural motif in many bioactive substances. With the herein presented metal‐free rearrangement of imides triggered by hypervalent λ3‐iodane, an easy and selective way to gain access to such a compound class, namely α,α‐disubstituted‐α‐hydroxy carboxylamides, was established. Their additional methylene bromide side chain constitutes a useful handle for rapid diversification, as demonstrated by a series of further functionalizations. Moreover, the in situ formation of an iodine(III) species under the reaction conditions was proven. Our findings clearly corroborate that hypervalent λ3‐benziodoxolones are involved in these organocatalytic reactions.  相似文献   
2.
A novel nanomagnetic basic catalyst of caesium carbonate supported on hydroxyapatite‐coated Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4@HAP‐Cs2CO3) was prepared. This new catalyst was fully characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry techniques, and then the catalytic activity of this catalyst was investigated in the synthesis of 1H‐pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐5,10‐dione derivatives. Also, Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4@HAP‐Cs2CO3 could be reused at least five times without significant loss of activity and could be recovered easily by applying an external magnet. Thus, the developed nanomagnetic catalyst is potentially useful for the green and economic production of organic compounds. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
3.
Highly dispersed palladium nanoclusters incorporated on amino‐functionalized silica sphere surfaces (Pd/SiO2‐NH2) were fabricated by a simple one‐pot synthesis utilizing 3‐(2‐aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane (AAPTS) as coordinating agent. Uniform palladium nanoclusters with an average size of 1.1 nm can be obtained during the co‐condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate and AAPTS owing to the strong interaction between palladium species and amino groups in AAPTS. The palladium particle size can be controlled by addition of AAPTS and plays a significant role in the catalytic performance. The Pd/SiO2‐NH2 catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity for succinic acid hydrogenation with 100% conversion and 94% selectivity towards γ‐butyrolactone using 1,4‐dioxane as solvent at 240°C and 60 bar for 4 h. Moreover, the Pd/SiO2‐NH2 catalyst is robust and readily reusable without loss of its catalytic activity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
4.
The polycrystalline perovskitelike manganese oxides La1-xAxMnO (A = Na, and K, ) have been fabricated by sol-gel technique. For all the compositions explored in this work, the average manganese oxidation state is practically constant, at for A = Na, and for A = K, respectively. A close relationship is confirmed to hold between the Curie temperature (Tc) and the bond distance of Mn-O. Results of magnetic measurements show that these materials can be utilized as suitable candidates for magnetic refrigerants with wide applied temperature span, for their significant entropy change and the easily tuned Curie temperature. Received: 12 September 1997 / Revised: 18 December 1997 / Accepted: 21 January 1998  相似文献   
5.
We study the exact low energy spectra of the spin 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on small samples of the kagomé lattice of up to N=36 sites. In agreement with the conclusions of previous authors, we find that these low energy spectra contradict the hypothesis of Néel type long range order. Certainly, the ground state of this system is a spin liquid, but its properties are rather unusual. The magnetic () excitations are separated from the ground state by a gap. However, this gap is filled with nonmagnetic () excitations. In the thermodynamic limit the spectrum of these nonmagnetic excitations will presumably develop into a gapless continuum adjacent to the ground state. Surprisingly, the eigenstates of samples with an odd number of sites, i.e. samples with an unsaturated spin, exhibit symmetries which could support long range chiral order. We do not know if these states will be true thermodynamic states or only metastable ones. In any case, the low energy properties of the spin 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the kagomé lattice clearly distinguish this system from either a short range RVB spin liquid or a standard chiral spin liquid. Presumably they are facets of a generically new state of frustrated two-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets. Received: 27 November 1997 / Accepted: 29 January 1998  相似文献   
6.
(S)-2-[2-(p-Tolylsulfinyl)phenyl]acetaldehyde reacts with different O-silylated ketenethioacetals in the presence of Yb(OTf)3 yielding β-hydroxythioesters in high yields and diastereoselectivities. The obtained compounds were readily transformed into β-hydroxyacids and their corresponding diols. These Mukaiyama aldol reactions are a direct evidence of the ability of the sulfinyl group to control 1,5- and 1,6-asymmetric induction processes.  相似文献   
7.
1. INTRODUCTION In the process of coking plant, about 30%~35% sulfur is transformed to H2S and some other sulfide, which form impurity in coal gas together with NH3 and HCN. Only 0.1% H2S containing in air can lead to die, so it is very important to carry on desulphurization and decyanation with coal gas [1~3]. Currently desulphurization and decyanation craft technique have Dry Oxidation Technology, Wet Oxidation Technology and Liquid Absorption Technology [2] three main kinds. The…  相似文献   
8.
We generalize an analogy between rotating and stratified shear flows. This analogy is summarized in Table 1. We use this analogy in the unstable case (centrifugally unstable flow vs. convection) to compute the torque in Taylor-Couette configuration, as a function of the Reynolds number. At low Reynolds numbers, when most of the dissipation comes from the mean flow, we predict that the non-dimensional torque G = T2 L, where L is the cylinder length, scales with Reynolds number R and gap width η, G = 1.46η3/2(1 - η)-7/4 R 3/2. At larger Reynolds number, velocity fluctuations become non-negligible in the dissipation. In these regimes, there is no exact power law dependence the torque versus Reynolds. Instead, we obtain logarithmic corrections to the classical ultra-hard (exponent 2) regimes: G = 0.50 . These predictions are found to be in excellent agreement with avail-able experimental data. Predictions for scaling of velocity fluctuations are also provided. Received 7 June 2001 and Received in final form 7 December 2001  相似文献   
9.
GAMMA 10 experiments have advanced in high density experiments after the last EPS Workshop where we reported high density plasma production by using an ion cyclotron range of frequency heating at a high harmonic frequency and neutral beam injection in the central cell. Recently a high density plasma was obtained with much improved reproducibility than before and without degradation of diamagnetic signal. The high density plasma was attained by adjusting the spacing of the conducting plates installed in the anchor transition regions. Dependencies of particle confinement time, ion energy confinement time and plasma confining potential on plasma density were obtained for the first time in the high density region. Presented at 5th Workshop “Role of Electric Fields in Plasma Confinement and Exhaust”, Montreus, Switzerland, June 23–24, 2002.  相似文献   
10.
具有某种断面的半群的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
汪立民 《数学进展》2002,31(6):485-494
本文综述了几类具有特殊断面的半群的近期研究结果。在介绍逆半群和正则半群的一般结构之后,概述了具有逆断面的正则半群的结构和同余格的研究成果。总结了作为逆断面的推广的可裂断面,纯正断面,正则^*-断面和恰当断面。提出了可以进一步研究的重要的问题。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号