利用光反射精确测量亚共析碳钢的含碳量

本文从光学角度出发提出了一种经济实用、精度高的测量亚共析碳钢中碳的含量的新方法。阐述了该方法的测量原理，即以金相试样表面对光的反射程度来判定其含碳量，并给出了有关经验公式及数据处理方法。     

煤中15种微量元素在燃烧产物中的分配

建立了燃煤中１５种向量元素在悄灰和底灰中含量分布的经验公式，该公式可以估算煤中微量元素在燃烧产物中的分配及传输通量。煤中非挥发性元素大部分存在于底灰和飞灰中，挥发性元素进入大气的量较高。     

REMEDIATION OF POLLUTED SOILS BY UTILIZING HYDROTHERMALLY TREATED CALCAREOUS FLY ASHES

This paper investigates a treated fly ash to act as a synthetic zeolite to remediate soils polluted with heavy metals and metalloids （As, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd and Mn）. Four types of such ＇zeolites＇ were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of a calcareous fly ash derived from Greek lignite-fired power plants： two with excess of sodium hydroxide in a solid/liquid ratio of 50 g·L^-1, and two with excess of fly ash in a solid/liquid ratio of 100g·L^-1. Soil samples were obtained from a former mining site at Lavrion, Greece. Mobilization and transfer of metals to the retention agents was effected by using HCI aq 1M, with satisfactory results with respect to As, Pb, Cu, Mn and Cd. The great variety of metal complexes in soil was found to be of major importance for the effectiveness of the overall process. The final products were solidified either on their own, or by using additives such as lime and cement.     

煤燃烧中飞灰的光学特性和辐射传热

利用快速Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ红外光谱仪，对三种具有与锅炉煤粉飞灰组成相似的合成灰（即纯氧化物的混合物）的辐射特性进行了测量（ＫＢｒ压片方法）；同时，利用对不同细度粒子所测得的吸数指数，计算了其间充满了弥散灰粒子的平行平板间的辐射传热。结果表明：用透射光谱来确定吸收指数的传统方法，对颗粒的细度十分敏感，往往会造成不可接受的误差；另外，发现合成灰的吸数指数较之所对应的熔渣要高得多，这对美国Ｓｔａｎｆｏｒｄ大学试图用熔渣的光学参数来代替飞灰参数的想法提出了质疑。     

VITRIFICATION OF LIGNITE FLY ASH AND METAL SLAGS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GLASS AND GLASS CERAMICS

This work focuses on the production of glass and glass-ceramics by using industrial wastes or by-products, e.g., two fly ashes from the combustion of lignite, a slag from the production of Fe-Ni and a slag from the making of steel. Vitrification took place at 1 350°-1450℃ and crystallization was achieved by heat treatment at 900, 950 and 1 000℃. The capability of the waste to be vitrified and subsequently devitrified was determined by XRD techniques. The crystalline phase depends greatly on the structure of the by-product and the heat treatment. The final products showed low leachability and good hardness.     

富氧燃烧气氛下无机元素的迁移转化规律

采用热力学平衡计算方法对小龙潭高钙飞灰在燃后区低温烟气下无机元素的迁移转化规律进行了研究。在常压下,常温~1000C范围内,重点分析了烟气中CO_2浓度和SO_2对飞灰中无机元素迁移转化规律的影响。结果表明,在低温烟气区,Ca、Mg组分易发生碳酸化反应。CO_2浓度会影响碳酸化反应的进行,而SO_2的存在会极大地促进硫酸盐的生成,从而抑制碳酸化反应。     

顺序等离子体光谱技术测定煤飞灰中常量,少量和微量元素

本文采用顺序等离子体光谱技术测定煤飞灰中主要成份（Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ、Ａｌ、Ｓｉ、Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｔｉ）及微量成份（Ｃｕ、Ｓｃ、Ｖ、Ｎｉ、Ｂｅ、Ｍｎ）。用扫描光谱法研究了分析线的选择和光谱背景的扣除。试样用密封罐混酸溶解。测定煤飞灰标准样品ＮＢＳ１６３３ａ的结果与标准值一致。方法用于测定新制备的煤飞灰标准参考物。     

流动注射-氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定飞灰、炉渣中的汞和砷

采用流动注射-氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定飞灰、炉渣中的汞和砷。在酸性介质中,用硼氢化钾作还原剂,通过载气导入电热石英吸收管,在波长253.7nm和193.7nm处分别对汞、砷进行测定。结果表明,该方法对汞和砷的检出限分别为0.27ng/mL,0.16ng/mL,回收率分别为97.8%、96.7%。该法操作简便、快速、灵敏度高,对实际样品的测定结果令人满意。     

垃圾焚烧炉飞灰熔融特性及重金属的分布

对垃圾焚烧炉飞灰进行了差热分析及熔融实验,探讨了不同熔融温度对试样的灼烧减量及重金属分布特性的影响。结果表明,飞灰试样在1132℃时熔融,在1252℃～1290℃发生二次熔融。灼烧减量在1200℃达到最低值27.5％; Cr、Ni、Cu在熔融体中的固溶率随着沸点的升高而依次升高。重金属Pb、Cd、As、Hg挥发率均超过95％,挥发性依次为Pb>Cd>As>Hg;飞灰中Zn的氧化物熔融后转化为Zn2SiO4、ZnSiO3和ZnAl2O4等不易挥发的化合物,且Zn在1200℃时挥发率最低仅有66.7％。     

燃煤飞灰物理化学特性及其润湿机理研究

以小龙潭电厂燃煤飞灰及其不同粒径范围的分级灰为对象,采用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射、离子色谱、Zeta电位、扫描电镜等实验方法研究了飞灰的物理化学特征.同时采用沉降实验、表面张力实验研究了三种不同润湿剂对飞灰的润湿性能.研究发现,溶液对飞灰的润湿能力不仅取决于其气液界面张力,还与飞灰的组成、表面电位以及形貌特征密切相关.亲水性物质含量的增加,颗粒表面电荷与润湿剂分子间的静电吸引,颗粒表面的棱角孔隙等均可以促进其润湿;温度越高飞灰润湿性能越好,且温度对飞灰润湿过程影响较大,温度较高(60℃)时润湿剂种类及浓度对飞灰润湿过程的影响不明显.