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暴雨情景下,山区径流水位突涨、流速与流量骤变等易发生公路洪灾,对人民生命财产安全造成巨大威胁。以巫山县为例,在不同强度降雨阈值下对降雨-径流水文参数指标进行量化处理,全面分析了降雨与水位、流速、流量之间的关系,并在多情景降雨下,基于公路洪灾孕灾指标,构建了公路洪灾预警模型。研究结果表明:山区径流水位变化幅度大于流速,而在大暴雨及特大暴雨情景下(降雨临界值185 mm),流速变化大于水位,在不同降雨阈值下,等级较低的河流更易发生公路洪灾,其水位空间变化更剧烈、效应范围更广;而流量与水位变化则对等级较高的径流影响更大,且河流等级越高变化越明显;巫山县公路洪灾易发程度介于轻度与重度之间,东北与西南部区域公路洪灾易发性强,且较为集中,西南部、东部与中部,公路洪灾易发程度介于重度与中度之间,西北部、中部与南部区,介于轻度与中度之间。该研究结果可为山区公路洪灾防治提供决策依据。 相似文献
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选用自制的三聚氰胺脲醛树脂发泡体(MUF发泡体)加入红壤中作为绿色屋顶营养基质层,珍珠岩、蛭石、沸石和活性炭作为吸附基质层,构建4种不同配比的绿色屋顶模拟装置,选择3种不同降雨强度,通过监测绿色屋顶径流总氮、氨氮、硝氮、总磷浓度随降雨时间的变化规律,探讨其中氮磷迁移转化关系。结果表明:MUF发泡体添加后,绿色屋顶表现为氨氮、总磷的汇,总氮、硝氮的源;不同条件下各装置径流氮磷浓度与降雨时间整体呈负相关;不同基质配比下各装置总氮、氨氮平均浓度差异显著,而硝氮和总磷平均浓度无显著性差异。MUF发泡体添加量与各装置径流氨氮浓度呈显著正相关,与总磷呈负相关;降雨强度与各装置径流氨氮平均浓度呈正相关,与硝氮呈负相关。MUF发泡体基质不仅是高效除磷基质,还可以作为绿色屋顶植物的氮源,适合应用于绿色屋顶基质,同时解决了常用的基质容重较大和吸水保水性能差所造成屋顶荷载较大、截流减污效果差等问题。 相似文献
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对武汉地区1982~1994年有雨分维数与有雨概率之间的关系进行了初步的分析和研究,并给出了研究结果.为今后修改降雨衰减预报模型作准备. 相似文献
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Using the daily precipitation data of 740 stations in China from 1960 to 2000, the analysis on the variations and distributions of the frequency and the percentage of extreme precipitation to the annual rainfall have been performed in this paper. Results indicate that the percentage of heavy rains (above 25mm/day) in the annual rainfall has increased, while on average the day number of heavy rains has slightly reduced during the past 40 years. In the end of 1970s and the beginning of 1980s, both the number of days with extreme precipitation and the percentage of extreme precipitation abruptly changed over China, especially in the northern China. By moving t test, the abrupt change year of extreme precipitation for each station and its spatial distribution over the whole country are also obtained. The abrupt change years concentrated in 1978-1982 for most regions of northern China while occurred at various stations in southern China in greatly different/diverse years. Besides the abrupt change years of extreme precipitation at part stations of Northwest China happened about 5 years later in comparison with that of the country's average. 相似文献
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A method combined with the nonlinear least-square regression to quantitatively estimate rainfall rate over water surface from the different spectrum shapes generated by rainfall in some frequency bands was presented.About 2000 min spectrum data generated by rainfall have been collected in an open-lake in Xiamen city.As a result,the spectrum shape in 15-30 kHz is fitted to log-linear law which allows classification of rain into three categories from the spectrum slope:no rain,drizzle(rainfall rate>10 mm/h)and heavy rain(rainfall rate>10 mm/h).Then,rainfall detection is made and rainfall rate is quantified in drizzle time with Logistic model in the frequency bands of 2-15 kHz,and the rainfall rate in heavy rainfall also quantified with log-linear regression.Finally,all measured spectrum data are used to calculate rainfall rate with the algorithm.The results show that the estimated rainfall rates are comparably coincident with the synchronously measured ones.The average error of accumulative rainfall per min is only l%-4%. 相似文献
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降雨冲刷对黄土公路边坡植物防护影响的试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对裸露黄土公路边坡、厚层基材植草公路边坡、三维网植草公路边坡以及平台植树公路边坡的现场降雨冲刷试验,阐述了不同防护型式的公路黄土边坡在降雨条件下的坡面径流、含泥量以及坡面冲刷情况,得出了"降雨对边坡坡面的侵蚀过程,首先是从雨滴直接打击土体开始,进而引起溅蚀,分散土粒,紧接着发生超渗径流造成坡面冲刷。"以及"对坡面破坏最大的是坡顶上方来水"等重要结论。验证了坡面植物防护以及平台植树等防护方法可以有效降低降雨冲刷对坡面的侵蚀破坏,为黄土地区公路边坡植物防护的设计施工以提供了可靠的依据。 相似文献
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降雨入渗条件下边坡的稳定性分析是评价边坡工程安全的主要依据,对工程施工具有重要的指导意义。以南水北调中线工程淇河倒虹吸基坑边坡为研究对象,基于ABAQUS有限元软件,考虑降雨入渗的边界条件,采用强度折减法求解了边坡的最大位移与安全系数,进行了边坡的稳定性分析。计算中,降雨入渗强度为15mm/h,持续时间为72h。计算结果表明:边坡一次开挖的水平方向最大位移、竖向方向最大位移、安全系数分别为0.26m、0.67m、1.650;边坡二次开挖后相应的计算结果分别为0.19m、0.62m、1.641;边坡三次开挖后相应的计算结果分别为0.20m、0.63m、1.639。定性分析与数值计算结果均表明,施工过程中,南水北调中线工程淇河倒虹吸基坑边坡是稳定的。本文的研究结果可以为该工程的施工提供理论依据,对降雨入渗时边坡的稳定性研究具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献