物理学咬文嚼字之四十三 左右可有别?

左右是个常见的源自日常生活的科学概念.英文物理文献中同左右之分有关的概念有handedness,helicity,spirality,chirality和parity,且关于左(left,link,gauche,sinister,nigh)、右(right,recht,droit,dexterous)的写法也是多样并存的局面.左右的对称性及其破缺在自然界得到了最广泛的表现.     

一种新的纳米结构--管状石墨锥

文章作者利用微波等离子体辅助化学气相沉积的方法在铁针尖上合成了一种新的纳米结构，并称之为管状石墨锥．管状石墨锥在外形上由多面锥体组成，其内部是同心的圆柱形石墨层，其空心的直径为几个纳米到几十个纳米．这些管状石墨层从内到外地逐渐变短，从而使得它们呈现出锥形外观．锥的顶角一般为6-7度左右，锥的尖端只有几个纳米大小，而锥的底部可达到微米量级．值得注意的是，组成管状锥体的石墨层具有惟一的手性，都表现为锯齿型。     

Partial Wave Analysis of J/ψ Decays into ρρπ

The possible place to search for exotic states in J/ψ hadronic decays is in J/ψ →ρρπ. Because of the symmetry of identical particle and the symmetry of isospin, the physical analysis on this channel is quite complicated. In this paper, the method to use the partial wave analysis based on covariant helicity amplitude analysis to study the invariant mass spectrum of ρρπ and to find the evidence of exotic states in ρρπ spectrum is discussed. The decay amplitude for the decay sequence J/ψ→ρX, X →ρπ is given first. Then we discuss how to realize the identical particle symmetry and the isospin symmetry in the decay amplitude, which is the key point in the analysis of this channel. Then the total decay amplitude of this channel including all decay components is given. After that, how to identify the exotic states in the ρρπ spectrum is discussed. What is discussed in this paper is the theoretical basis on experimentally searching for exotic states at BEPC/BES.     

伊·米·弗朗克

 伊利亚·米哈依洛维奇·弗朗克是著名的前苏联物理学家,1908年10月23日出生于彼得堡;1946年当选为苏联科学院通讯院士;1968年当选为苏联科学院院士。数十年来,弗朗克在物理光学、低能中子物理和核物理的研究中,取得了一系列重大的科研成果。     

含有手性和发光官能团侧基的聚1-苯基-1-辛炔的合成与性能研究

设计并合成了一系列含手性和发光生色团侧基的聚（1-苯基-1-辛炔）衍生物{-[（C6H13）C=C（C6H4-p-CO2-R）]n-,R=[（1S）-endo]-（-）-冰片基（P3）,（1R,2S,5R）-（-）-薄荷基（P4）,-C6H4-p-（1R,2S,5R）-（-）-薄荷基（P5）,2-萘基（P6）,4-联苯基（P7）}.用WCl6-Ph4Sn作催化剂,成功地制备了这些具有中等产率和高分子量（Mw高达64000）的聚合物.聚合物的结构和性能通过NMR,TGA,UV,CD,PL和EL等分析方法进行了表征.所有聚合物都表现出良好的热稳定性,在N2保护条件下,其失重5%的温度在300～416℃之间.所有聚合物的带隙约为3.0eV.聚合物P4和P5表现出与聚合物链段螺旋性相对应的CD吸收.在UV辐照下,P3～P7的THF溶液均发射强烈蓝光,其最大发射波长位于485nm左右,量子效率均高于20%.聚合物薄膜发射与其溶液发射在相同的光谱区域,并表现出轻微的聚集诱导猝灭.制备了ITO/聚合物：PVK/BCP/Alq3/LiF/Al多层聚合物EL器件,其最大发射波长为487nm.随着侧基的改变,器件的最大亮度和外量子效率也随之发生变化,其中P6表现出最高的外量子效率（0.16%）.EL器件均具有良好的光谱稳定性,其EL最大发射峰几乎不随外加电压的变化而改变.     

反射后激光(光子)螺旋性改变的量子论解释和信息论意义

基于近年来王顺金提出的处理螺旋光纤中激光(光子)传播时的螺旋性变化的理论方法和所得结果,分析了激光(光子)在反射后螺旋性(左旋与右旋)互换这一实验事实,发现激光(光子)反射的瞬息过程会产生一个极高的激光束回转频率,它与激光园偏振(光子自旋)发生科式惯性力耦合,进而改变激光(光子)的螺旋性.还发现当激光束回转频率达到极大时,将发生激光(光子)螺旋性(左旋与右旋)互换.讨论了激光反射后螺旋性互换的信息论含义及其应用.     

Explicit Confinement Effect on the Helicity Amplitudes of the Low-Lying Nucleon Resonances

Calculations of helicity amplitudes for the low-lying nucleon resonances are displayed based on a non-relativistic constituent quark model with a harmonic oscillator confinement. The explicit effect of quark confinement is shown. Our results show that the effect plays sizable role on some transition amplitudes of S11 (1535) and D13(1520) resonances. The effect on the △(1232) transition amplitudes is less than 10%. However, the effect on the Roper resonance is remarkable but is inconclusive.     

Triply-bridged Dicopper(Ⅰ)Complex of Bis(diphenylphosphino)acetylene with a Helical Coordination Cage

<正>Self-organization of copper (I) ion with bridging ligand bis(diphenylphosphino)-acetylene resulted in the isolation of a dinuclear copper ( I ) complex [Cu2(μ-Ph2PC≡ CPPh2)3(MeCN)2](ClO4)2·Et2O. Structural analysis indicated the existence of a helical coordination cage, in which two copper (I) atoms are bridged triply by the linear diphosphine Ph2PC≡CPPh2 with the CuACu separation of 6.231 A. The copper (I) atom is in an approximately tetrahedral environment with a NP3 coordination chromophore. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic, space group P 1 with a = 13.8456(2), b = 16.6010(1), c = 18.9215(3) A, α = 98.289(1), β = 91.232(1), γ = 106.496(1)°, V = 4117.60(9) A3, Z = 2, C86H82Cl2N2O9P6Cu2, Mr= 1659.37, Dc= 1.338 g/cm3, F(000) = 1708, μ = 0.754 mm-1, the final R = 0.0688 and wR = 0.1940 for 11692 reflections with I>2σ(I).     

无质量中微子螺旋性混合态

自旋为1/2的中微子遵从Majorana方程,其螺旋性为守恒量.利用压缩相干态可以为中微子给出螺旋算符与哈密顿量之共同本征态的显式表达,但却是不可归一化的.可归一化的波包依然保持为螺旋算符的本征态,但不再是能量的本征态.存在传播速度为零的等权混合螺旋态波包.此情形没有经典对应,在无质量玻色子世界中也无对应.若这样的混合螺旋态波包对应无质量费米子的粒子-反粒子对,则提供了一种暗物质的可能构成方案.