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The influences of steady aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles were investigated in this study.A mechanism is suggested to explain the change of hunting behavior due to actions of aerodynamic loads:the aerodynamic loads can change the position of vehicle system(consequently the contact relations),the wheel/rail normal contact forces,the gravitational restoring forces/moments and the creep forces/moments.A mathematical model for hunting stability incorporating such influences was developed.A computer program capable of incorporating the effects of aerodynamic loads based on the model was written,and the critical speeds were calculated using this program.The dependences of linear and nonlinear critical speeds on suspension parameters considering aerodynamic loads were analyzed by using the orthogonal test method,the results were also compared with the situations without aerodynamic loads.It is shown that the most dominant factors a ff ecting linear and nonlinear critical speeds are different whether the aerodynamic loads considered or not.The damping of yaw damper is the most dominant influencing factor for linear critical speeds,while the damping of lateral damper is most dominant for nonlinear ones.When the influences of aerodynamic loads are considered,the linear critical speeds decrease with the rise of cross wind velocity,whereas it is not the case for the nonlinear critical speeds.The variation trends of critical speeds with suspension parameters can be significantly changed by aerodynamic loads.Combined actions of aerodynamic loads and suspension parameters also a ff ect the critical speeds.The effects of such joint action are more obvious for nonlinear critical speeds. 相似文献
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说起手枪人人皆知,但对手枪的发展,恐怕知道者不多,至于手枪又如何实现“无声”,知道者会更少。本文对此作一些简要的介绍。一、手枪发展简况:第一支手枪的问世在1818年,发明者是美国的E·H科利尔等人。但可供实用的转轮手枪生产于1835年,发明者是美国人S·柯尔特。随着金属弹壳定装式转轮手枪的应用,转轮手枪的结构逐步完善,各个国家都广泛应用,直到现在,警察还在大量使用。 相似文献
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近年来常压敞开式离子源凭借快速、原位、实时离子化样品等优势,被广泛应用于样品快速筛查、真伪鉴定、质谱成像等领域,已成为当今离子源的研究热点,受到了学术界及仪器制造、化学和生物分析等相关产业界的广泛关注。目前,该类离子源朝着克服基体效应、提高样品表面定位能力及增加离子传输距离等方向发展。本文主要介绍了可以很好解决上述问题并具有代表性的三种常压敞开式离子源:电喷雾萃取离子源(EESI)、介质阻挡放电离子源(DBDI)及空气动力辅助离子源(AFAI),重点涉及原理以及在此基础上所做的设计改进和应用进展。 相似文献
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圆锯机极高的空载噪声级是由高速旋转圆锯片产生的哨叫声所致。本文就产生哨叫声的机理作了探讨。实测了空载圆锯片辐射的声频谱。理论计算了圆锯片实际使用状况时的横向振动固有频率,并采用激光全息技术对圆锯片进行了振型分析。理论值与实验结果相符合。此外,还进行了一些实验分沂,得出哨叫声起因于锯片横向振动谐振的结论,提出了抑制哨叫声的一些措施。例如采用胶合锯片;贴近锯片表面放置控噪板;直接用平直度好的较厚单锯片等等。在本工作基础上研制的木工圆锯机在银削线速度为47.1m/s时,空载平均噪声级低达63.5dBA。 相似文献
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基于质谱成像(MSI)技术的空间分辨代谢组学方法已经成为生物组织学、肿瘤分子病理诊断和新药药效毒理研究的有力工具。该研究采用敞开式空气动力辅助解吸电喷雾离子化(AFADESI)技术,开发了一种正负离子切换扫描的质谱成像方法。该方法在离子化过程中无需施加高电压,既提高了敞开式离子化质谱成像的操作安全性,还可将生物组织切片,尤其是较大面积的整体动物组织切片中的各类不同性质的内源性代谢物进行高效率解吸和离子化,同时获得多胺、氨基酸、磷脂(正离子模式易电离)和核苷、磷脂酰甘油(负离子模式易电离)等内源性代谢物的空间分布特征。通过正负离子化的同时扫描和质谱成像分析,节省了数据采集的时间和样本切片的数量,扩展了代谢物的覆盖范围,使得一次实验可以成像检出更多种类的代谢物。因此,该方法在整体动物各组织器官的空间分辨代谢组学研究中具有优势,有望从整体动物体内代谢水平深刻理解与生理、病理和药理相关的分子空间分布特征及分子机制。 相似文献