A further study on the spreading and directionality of Gaussian array beams in non-Kolmogorov turbulence

It is found that in free space, the curves of the mean-squared beam width may each have a cross point at a certain propagation distance Zc. For Gaussian array beams, the analytical expressions of zc are derived. For the coherent com- bination, Zc is larger than that for the incoherent combination. However, in non-Kolmogorov turbulence, the cross point disappears, and the Gaussian array beams will have the same directionality in terms of the angular spread. Furthermore, a short propagation distance is needed to reach the same directionality when the generalized exponent is equal to 3.108. In particular, it is shown that the condition obtained in previous studies is not necessary for laser beams to have the same directionality in turbulence, which is explained physically. On the other hand, the relative average intensity distributions at the position where the Gaussian array beams have the same mean-squared beam width are also examined.     

关于实际换能器指向性指数确定的简便方法

指向性指数在评价电声换能器,特别是在声呐应用中,一直是一个重要的参量。但因为它包含三维图案的积分,所以精确地计算和测量这个参数是困难的。因此,在理论上和测量中都广泛使用了近似方法。本文报道中运用的三种近似方法是:1.利用理论近似计算公式计算指向性指数;2.实测波束宽度再作理论近似计算;3.方向性图案测量和图表积分。用这三种方法分别测量和计算了四种换能器的指向性指数。     

Transversal reverse transformation of anomalous hollow beams in strongly isotropic nonlocal media

Based on the nonlocal nonlinear Schr6dinger equation, the propagation properties of anomalous hollow beams in strongly isotropic nonlocal media are investigated. The analytical expressions of the beam propagation, the on-axis intensity and the beam width are obt.ained. The results show that the evolution of the beam is periodical and the input power is the most important parameter. The input power determines the variation of the period. Furthermore, it is found that there exists a critical input power in the x direction and in the y direction separately when the initial beam widths in the two transversal directions are unequal. The beam width remains invariant in the corresponding transversal direction when the input power equals the critical power in one of the transversal directions. Selecting a properinput power, the beam can be broadened or compressed in the two transversal directions at the same time, In particular, the beam can be broadened （compressed） in one transversal direction, whereas in the other transversal direction, it is compressed （broadened）, i.e., the transversal reverse transformation.     

一种波束赋形可调的导航天线设计

提供一种新的调节半功率波束宽度的思路,并设计了一款可实现波束宽度变换以应用于不同波束赋形场景的北斗二号B3频段的导航天线。基于四阵元双馈源的微带贴片天线阵列,在HFSS有限元仿真软件中根据理论进行建模仿真并优化。在保持右旋圆极化的基础上,不用改变阵列的结构,只需适当调节各个阵元激励的幅度与相位,就能实时缩小或者扩大半功率波束宽度,分别实现主瓣方向可调的定向波束赋形与宽波束赋形以应对不同的工作环境,并且具有定向抗干扰能力。仿真结果表明:定向波束赋形与宽波束赋形在B3中心频点的最大增益分别约为7.13,3.56 dBi,半功率波束宽度分别为52°,119°,3 dB轴比宽度分别为90°,166°;在整个B3频段内各个馈电端口反射系数低于?11 dB,相邻端口隔离度低于?28 dB。设计的波束赋形方式可调的导航天线适用于在无遮挡的开阔空间与特定的遮挡环境之间经常切换的工作场景,改善传统的机动式导航终端在“城市峡谷”等高遮蔽角环境下增益较低的缺点。     

A weighting orthogonal method for constant beamwidth beamforming matrices

A weighting orthogonal method for constant beamwidth beamforming matrices is proposed. This method multiplies weighting factors to each orthogonal beamforming matrix corresponding to different frequency bins. The method proposed doesn't cause waveform aberration, and doesn't cause additional loss of array signal-to-noise ratio when the sources have uniform spectrum. The waveform aberration and additional loss of array signal-to-noise ratio can not be avoided simultaneously by ordinary orthogonal method. So we can get good detection and estimation performances at the same time by the weightmg method. Simulation results and water tank experiments are presented to confirm the conclusion above.     

Current neutralization and plasma polarization for intense ion beams propagating through magnetized background plasmas in a two-dimensional slab approximation

A two-dimensional electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell （PIC） simulation model is proposed to study the propagation of intense, ion beams with beaIn width wb small compared to the electron skin depth c/wpe through background plaslnas in tile presence of external applied magnetic fields. The effcctive eleetron gyrora,dius wge is found to be an important parameter for ion beam transport in the presence of magnetic fields,In the bealn regions, the background plasmas respond differently to the ion beanl of width wb〈wge and wb 〉 wge for the given magnetic field and beaan encrgy, For the case of beam width wb 〈 wge with relative weak external magnetic fiehts, the rotalion effects of plasma electrons a,re found to be signifieant and contributes to the signitica,nt enilaneeinent of the self electric and seif-magnetic fields. While for the ease of beam width wb 〉 wge with relative strong external magnetic fields, the rotation effects of plasma cleetrons are strongly inhibited and a, well neutraliza, tion of ion beam current can be found. Finally, the influences of diftiuent beam widths. beam energies and magnetic fields on the neutralization of ion bc, anl eurrellt are summarized for the eases of wb 〈 wge〈 c/wpe,wge 〈wb〈c/wbp and wb〈c/wpe〈wge.     

基于双层介质的宽轴比波束微带天线

为了展宽微带天线的3 dB轴比波束宽度(ARBW),提出采用双层介质基板结构与单点同轴线馈电、引入切角微扰和半圆槽的方式,设计出一款小型化宽ARBW的圆极化微带天线。该天线的尺寸可用中心波长(0)表示为0.40800.40800.0360,工作频率可覆盖IEEE 802.16e(3.5 GHz)频段。利用基于有限元法的仿真软件(Ansoft HFSS15.0)对天线进行优化设计,获得天线3 dB ARBW为230~255,电压驻波比(VSWR)小于2的带宽为290 MHz,峰值增益在3.5 GHz为4.11 dB。测试结果与仿真结果基本一致,表明采用该结构和设计方式可以展宽天线的ARBW。