Mechanism and Kinetics for the Reaction of NCS and OH Radicals

The mechanism and dynamical properties for the reaction of NCS and OH radicals have been investigated theoretically. The minimum energy paths (MEP) of the reaction were calculated using the density functional theory(DFT) at the B3LYP/6-311 G^** level, and the energies along the MEP were further refined at the QCISD(T)/6-311 G^** level. As a result, the reaction mechanism of the title reaction involves three channels, producing HCS NO and HNC SO products, respectively. Path Ⅰ and path Ⅱ are competitive, with some advantages for path Ⅰ in kinetics. As for path Ⅲ, it looks difficult to react for its high energy barrier. Moreover, the rate constant have been calculated over the temperature range of 8190-2500K using canonical variational transition-state theory (CVT). It was found that the rate constants for both path Ⅰ and path Ⅱ are negatively dependent on temperature, which is similarwith the experimental results for reactions of NCS with NO and NO2, and the variational effect for the rate constant calculation olavs an important role in whole temperature range.     

水环境下羧基与氨基间为单氢键的α-Ala旋光异构及羟自由基和氢氧根的作用

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法、微扰理论的MP2方法和自洽反应场（SCRF）理论的SMD模型方法,研究了水环境下羧基与氨基间为单氢键的α-Ala旋光异构及羟自由基和氢氧根作用的反应。研究发现：α-Ala的旋光异构可在a和b两个通道实现,a通道为羧基顺反异构后,水分子簇作媒介质子以氨基为桥从α碳的一侧向另一侧迁移;b通道为水分子簇作媒介,质子从α碳向氨基氮的迁移与羧基顺反异构协同进行。在a通道,羟自由基水分子簇可致α-Ala损伤。势能面计算表明：水环境下,在a通道3个水分子簇作氢迁移媒介,决速步能垒为113.37 kJ·mol^-1,氢氧根水分子簇的催化使该能垒降到64.45 kJ·mol^-1;在b通道2个水分子簇作氢迁移媒介,决速步能垒为135.00 kJ·mol^-1。羟自由基水分子簇致α-Ala损伤的能垒在水分子抽氢和羟自由基抽氢时分别为24.47和 80.60 kJ·mol^-1。     

基于玉米淀粉制备绿色碳量子点及氢离子/氢氧根 离子调节荧光开关性能

以玉米淀粉为碳源,在草酸的作用下利用乙醇溶剂热法制备了一种绿色荧光碳量子点(G-CQDs).通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和Raman光谱等测试分析了G-CQDs的形貌、组成和结构.结果表明,G-CQDs为粒径为2～5 nm的准球形纳米颗粒,...     

氢氧根对苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯ATRP悬浮共聚的影响

在85℃下,以α-溴异丁酰溴为引发剂、氯化亚铜为催化剂、2,2′-联吡啶(bpy)为配体,研究了氢氧化钠(NaOH)含量对苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的原子转移自由基悬浮共聚合的影响。1H-NMR分析和共聚竞聚率(rSt=0.83,rMMA=0.82)表明St/MMA原子转移悬浮共聚容易形成恒比共聚。ATRP的悬浮聚合表现出较好的可控/活性特征。在试验水相中氢氧根浓度为0至3%的范围内,单体转化率、ln[M]0/[M]和表观反应速率常数kappp都随着氢氧根浓度增大而增大。氢氧根并不影响聚合反应的一级动力学特征,但具有加速St/MMA原子转移悬浮共聚反应的作用。探讨了氢氧根在St/MMA原子转移悬浮共聚反应中的作用机理。     

一种水溶性氢氧根钌配合物的合成及其对乙腈的催化水化作用

以RuCl₃•3H₂O为原料合成了水溶性钌配合物[(bipy)₂Ru(H₂O)₂](OTf)₂ (bipy＝2,2-bipyridine, Otf^－＝triflate), 利用DBU (1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene)脱质子化合成了水溶性氢氧根配合物[(bipy)₂Ru(H₂O)(OH)](OTf). 研究了[(bipy)₂Ru(H₂O)(OH)](OTf)催化水化乙腈生成乙酰胺的反应. 机理研究表明, 催化循环的关键中间体为氧配位的酰亚胺配合物[(bipy)₂Ru(CH₃CN)(OCMe＝NH)]^＋, 经过生成[(bipy)₂Ru(k²-N,O-NH＝CMeN＝CMeO)]^＋、水亲核进攻开环生成{(bipy)₂Ru[NH＝C(OH)Me](OCMe＝NH)}^＋、乙腈取代其NH＝C(OH)Me配体产生乙酰胺, 同时再生成[(bipy)₂Ru- (CH₃CN)(OCMe＝NH)]^＋完成催化循环.     

Quantum Chemical Study on the Reaction Mechanism of OBrO Radical with OH Radical

The reaction mechanism of OBrO with OH has been studied using the B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p) and the high-level electron-correlation CCSD(T)/6-311 G(d,p) at single-point. The results show that the title reaction could probably proceed by four possible schemes, generating HOBr O2, HBr O3, BrO HO2 and HOBrO2 products, respectively. The main channel is the one to yield HOBr O2. The whole reaction involves the formation of three-membered, four-membered and five-membered rings, followed by the complicated processes of association,H-shift, Br-shift and dissociation. All routes are exothermic.     

三种单环β-内酰胺抗生素分子药性机理的理论研究

运用ＭＯＰＡＣ程序中ＡＭ１方法模拟了三种单环β－内酰胺抗生素分子与ＯＨ＾－的反应过程,得到了可行性机理。研究结果表明,在反应过程中活性四员环上出现了电荷迁移,酰胺键上的Ｎ原子上的负电荷逐渐增多,Ｃ原子所带正电荷亦相应增多,有利于亲核反应的进行。通过计算反应活化能,发现三种物质的活化能比较小,说明在碱性条件下有利于该反应的进行。同时研究还发现反应的活化能与反应物的活性有一定的联系;当反应活化以越小,     

OH-存在下四苯基卟啉合钴氧化过程的电化学和光谱电化学

本文利用薄层伏安和现场光谱电化学方法考察了在EtCl~2中OH^-存在下四苯基卟啉合钴(TPP)Co^11的电极氧化反应。在低浓度OH^-存在下, (TPP)Co^11与OH^-生成一配位的配合物(TPP)Co^11(OH)^-, 此配合物不可逆地被氧化为(TPP)Co^111(OH)^-, 氧化峰电位负移到0.53V。而卟啉环第一步氧化电位也负移到0.88V。在高浓度OH^-存在下, (TPP)Co^11(OH)^-氧化生成(TPP)Ca^111(OH)~2^2-,氧化电位随OH^-浓度增加向负移。卟啉环第一步和第二步氧化电位分别负移到0.57V和1.07V。同时观察到第二步氧化伴随后行化学反应, 产物氧化电位在1.32V。测定了(TPP)Co^11(OH)^-, (TPP)Co^111(OH)^-和(TPP)Co^111(OH)~2^2-,(TPP)^+Co^111(OH)^-和(TPP)^+Co^111(OH)~2^2-各级配位化合物稳定常数。提出一个在OH^-滴定过程中(TPP)Co的各步配位反应及电化学反应的机理。     

H_2CO+OH~-反应的理论研究(英文)

用量化从头算方法在MP4(SDTQ)理论水平上首次考察了甲醛和氢氧根负离子反应的所有可能的反应通道.用6-311 G(3df,3pd)基组对所有的反应中间体、过渡态和产物开展了结构优化和单点能量计算,并经频率分析和内禀反应反应坐标计算(IRC)确认反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的相关性.在H2CO OH-所有可能的反应通道中生成CHOO- H2的通道是该反应的最可几通道,而由于羰基的存在生成H3O-的通道更容易分解产生CHOO- H2.在高计算水平下计算的氢交换反应结果与文献报道相同.通过计算提出亲核加成过程的反应通道,主要产物生成H2和生成COOH-/HCOO-/OCHO-异构体.所有反应通道的反应几率顺序为COOH- H2>H3O- CO>HCHO OH->CHO- H2O>HCOO- H2>OCHO- H2.     

Quantum Chemical Study on Reaction of Acetaldehyde with Hydroxyl Radical

The reaction of acetaldehyde with hydroxyl radical was studied by means of quantum chemical methods. The geometries for all the stationary points on the potential energy surfaces were optimized fully, respectively, at the G3MP2, G3, and MP2/6-311 G(d,p) levels. Single-point energies of all the species were calculated at the QCISD/6-311 G(d,p) level. The mechanism of the reaction studied was confirmed. The predicted product is acetyl radical that is in agreement with the experiment.