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很容易确定天体物理诞生的日子,也很容易确定现代宇宙学诞生的日子.前者由基尔霍夫的太阳光谱观测确定,后者由爱因斯坦发表第一个宇宙解确定。但是,很难确定高能天体物理诞生的日子.也许可以作为高能天体物理诞生标志的是巴德和兹威基于1934年发表的一篇论文,题目为《超新星和宇宙线》. 相似文献
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Glitch指脉冲星发生的自转角速度突然增大的现象,在许多脉冲星中都探测到了。Glitch的产生机制与脉冲星内部结构相关,而后者依然是待解决的难题。天文观测和理论研究均不能排除一类可能性,即脉冲星类天体本质上是固态夸克集团星,而固态星体发生Glitch的最自然的解释就是星震。本工作在星震模型下研究了固态脉冲星的Glitch现象。固态星体在自转减慢过程中,会发生应力能(或弹性能)的积累,当积累的应力超过星体能承受的限度,星体会发生碎裂,即发生星震,此时由于转动惯量突然减小而导致自转角速度突然增大,表现为Glitch现象。根据此模型可得到Glitch的幅度与时间间隔的关系。如果星体的质量较大而自转较慢,星震过程可能同时伴随体积的减小,即体积改变的星震,此时通常会有显著的引力能释放,可以解释观测到的反称X射线脉冲星/软伽马射线重复暴(AXPs/SGRs);如果星体转速较快,星震过程可能只表现为形状即扁率的微小变化,此时不会有显著的能量释放。这两类Glitches可以解释观测现象。进一步的理论研究结合更多观测,有望使人们利用Glitch现象来检验固态夸克集团星这一理论猜想。The author demonstrates that how to understand the Glitches of solid pulsars in the starquake model. Glitch is the sudden spin-up during the normal spin-down process, which has been observed in many pulsars. The mechanism of Glitches is still a matter of debate because it depends on the unsolved problem that what is the nature of pulsars. One of the models of pulsars, the so-called solid quark-cluster stars, could not be ruled out by neither the astrophysics observations nor theoretical considerations. The Glitches of solid quarkcluster stars could naturally be the result of starqukes. During the spinning-down of the solid star, the strain energy develops until the stress reaches the critical value, then some parts of the star fragment, which would suddenly decrease the moment of inertia of the star, leading to the sudden increase of the rotation frequency that manifests as a Glitch. If the star has high mass or rotates slowly, the shrink of radius would happen during the starquake, leading to a huge amount of energy releasing which accounts for AXPs/SGRs. On the other hand, if the star rotates fast, only the oblateness of the star changes during the starquake, which would lead to negligible releasing of energy. This paper discusses the phenomenon of Glitches for solid quark-cluster stars, including the physical processes and consequences of starquakes, as well as the reasons for different energy releasing during Glitches. Further theoretical study combined with more observations about Glitches would be helpful for us to test the conjecture of sold quark-clusters. 相似文献
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