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The efficient utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a C1 feedstock is of great significance for green and sustainable development. Therefore, the efficient chemical conversion of CO2 into value-added products has recently attracted a lot of research attention in recent years. The transformation of CO2 generally requires high-energy substrates, specific catalysts, and harsh reaction conditions due to its high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness. Consequently, several efforts have been dedicated toward the development of high-performance catalysts and new reaction routes for CO2 conversion over the last few decades. To date, many routes of convert CO2 into value-added chemicals have been proposed, together with the development of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. Among the advanced catalysts reported to date, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely investigated and show great potential for the efficient, selective, and economical conversion of CO2 into highly valuable products under mild conditions, even under ambient conditions. Some task-specific ILs have been designed with unique functional groups (e.g., —OH, —SO3H, —NH2, —COOH, and —C≡N), which can act as the solvent, absorbent, activating agent, catalyst, or cocatalyst to realize the transformation of CO2 under metal-free and mild conditions. In addition, a variety of catalytic systems composed of ILs and metal catalysts have also been reported for the transformation of CO2, in which the combination of the IL and metal catalyst is responsible for CO2 conversion with high efficiency. In this review article, we summarize the recent advances in IL-mediated CO2 transformation into chemicals prepared via C—O, C—N, C—S, C—H, and C—C bond forming processes. ILs that can chemically capture CO2 with high capacity are first introduced, which can activate CO2 via the formation of IL-based carbonates or carbamates, thus realizing the transformation of CO2 under metal-free and mild conditions. Recent progress in IL-mediated CO2 transformations to form carbonates and various kinds of N- and S-containing compounds (e.g., oxazolidinones, ureas, benzimidazolones, formamides, methylamines, benzothiazoles, and other chemicals) as well as CO2 hydrogenation to give formic acid, methane, acetic acid, low-carbon alcohols, and hydrocarbons has been summarized in this review with a focus on the reaction routes, catalytic systems, and reaction mechanism. In these reactions, ILs can simultaneously activate the substrate via strong H-bonding in addition to activating CO2, and the cooperative effects among the ionic and molecular species and metal catalysts accomplish the reactions of CO2 with various kinds of substrates to afford a wide range of value-added chemicals. Finally, the shortcomings and perspectives of ILs are discussed. In short, IL-mediated CO2 transformations provide green and effective routes for the synthesis of high-value chemicals, which may have great potential for a wide range of applications. 相似文献
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针对学生对精细化学品化学课程学习兴趣不足以及应用意识和能力欠缺的问题,提出了构建和合理运用精细化学品化学课程素材库的解决方法,分别介绍了精细化学品史料素材库、多媒体素材库、实例试题库建立的意义及方法. 相似文献
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以一维同核全相关谱(1D TOCSY)技术为编辑模块,构建了一维双选择性全相关谱激发(1D TOCSY-TOCSY)核磁共振(NMR)方法。以监控化学品硫二甘醇(Thiodiglycol, TDG)为模型化合物,将1D TOCSY-TOCSY方法应用于复杂混合样品中TDG的筛查与鉴定。在TDG的1H谱信号被300~2000倍的背景完全掩盖的样品条件下,1D TOCSY-TOCSY谱完全去除了背景信号,只显示TDG信号。在20 min采集时间内累加256次,TDG的检出限为5μg/mL; 12 h采集时间内累加8000次的检出限可达到100 ng/mL。与传统的1D TOCSY、 1D NOESY选择性激发以及化学位移选择性滤波(CSSF)技术相比,1D TOCSY-TOCSY方法显示突出的选择性检测能力,检测灵敏度比现有的1D STEP-NOESY技术提高了20倍。本方法为复杂基质样品中痕量监控化学品的筛查鉴定提供了一种新的分析手段,并可应用于其它类型的混合物分析。 相似文献
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化学科学与工程对人类社会所担负的责任是提供人类所需要的能源和化学品.迄今为止, 人类的主要能源仍然是含碳能源.以碳和氢为基础结构组成了万千变化的有机化合物.能源体系的多样化所基于的要素可以说就是碳氢键的构建、活化和转化.新能源的发展并不可能也不需要完全摒弃含碳能源,而是与现有的能源体系融合形成符合绿色生态需求的新的复合... 相似文献
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