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1.
We discuss an error estimation procedure for the global error of collocation schemes applied to solve singular boundary value problems with a singularity of the first kind. This a posteriori estimate of the global error was proposed by Stetter in 1978 and is based on the idea of Defect Correction, originally due to Zadunaisky. Here, we present a new, carefully designed modification of this error estimate which not only results in less computational work but also appears to perform satisfactorily for singular problems. We give a full analytical justification for the asymptotical correctness of the error estimate when it is applied to a general nonlinear regular problem. For the singular case, we are presently only able to provide computational evidence for the full convergence order, the related analysis is still work in progress. This global estimate is the basis for a grid selection routine in which the grid is modified with the aim to equidistribute the global error. This procedure yields meshes suitable for an efficient numerical solution. Most importantly, we observe that the grid is refined in a way reflecting only the behavior of the solution and remains unaffected by the unsmooth direction field close to the singular point. 相似文献
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数码相机CMOS图像传感器的特性参数与选择 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了数码相机的核心器件———CMOS图像传感器的特性参数和在数码相机设计过程中CMOS图像传感器的选择。选择CMOS图像传感器,不仅需要考虑包括传感器的尺寸、像素总数和有效像素数、最小照度、动态范围、灵敏度、分辨力、光电响应不均匀性以及光谱响应等在内的特性参数,而且还要考虑电源管理和功耗、模数转换位数、开发的简便性以及成本等因素。 相似文献
4.
Most of the methods used in the ARCH literature for selecting the appropriate model are based on evaluating the ability of the models to describe the data. An alternative model selection approach is examined based on the evaluation of the predictability of the models in terms of standardized prediction errors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
Hidetoshi Shimodaira 《Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics》1997,49(3):395-410
The asymptotic error probability of Linhart's model selection test isevaluated, and compared with the nominal significance level. We examine thecase where the expected discrepancies of the candidate models from the truemodel are asymptotically equal. The local alternatives method is employed inthe limiting operation of the asymptotic evaluation. Although the errorprobability under the null hypothesis is actually shown to be equal to orless than the level for most situations, intolerable violations of the errorcontrol are observed for nested models: It is often erroneously concludedthat the smaller model is significantly better than the larger model. Toprevent this violation, a modification of Linhart's test statistic isproposed. The effectiveness of the proposed test is confirmed throughtheoretical analysis and numerical simulations. 相似文献
6.
基于事前评价过程和自然界生物进化过程的相似性,提出了系统结构、系统结构模式和系统环境模式矩阵的概念,并根据系统结构、系统结构模式与系统环境模式矩阵的适应程度,建立了模式评价决策模型,制定了评价系统的评价分类准则,并对评价系统作了一定的理论分析.将此模型和方法应用于城市生态安全评价中,通过与模糊综合评价法的比较,表明了该评价模型和方法的优越性. 相似文献
7.
W. Hufenbach R. Böhm A. Langkamp L. Kroll T. Ritschel 《Mechanics of Composite Materials》2006,42(2):151-162
The basic damage and failure models of multiaxially reinforced composites with a thermoplastic matrix are presented and verified.
Within the framework of continuum damage mechanics, a phenomenological model is introduced, where the damage is defined as
a change in the elasticity tensor. For damage identification, a specific ultrasonic device was developed. A combination of
an immersion set-up and a contact coupling device formed a system for an efficient determination of stiffness-tensor components
from convenient sets of velocity measurements. Linked to a tensile machine, it allowed us to measure the anisotropic damage
of the new materials group caused by tensile loading.
Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 221–234, March–April, 2006. 相似文献
8.
The major goal of this paper is to examine the hypothesis that stock returns and return volatility are asymmetric, threshold nonlinear, functions of change in trading volume. A minor goal is to examine whether return spillover effects also display such asymmetry. Employing a double-threshold GARCH model with trading volume as a threshold variable, we find strong evidence supporting this hypothesis in five international market return series. Asymmetric causality tests lend further support to our trading volume threshold model and conclusions. Specifically, an increase in volume is positively associated, while decreasing volume is negatively associated, with the major price index in four of the five markets. The volatility of each series also displays an asymmetric reaction, four of the markets display higher volatility following increases in trading volume. Using posterior odds ratio, the proposed threshold model is strongly favored in three of the five markets, compared to a US news double threshold GARCH model and a symmetric GARCH model. We also find significant nonlinear asymmetric return spillover effects from the US market. 相似文献
9.
This paper presents a new generic Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) for retarding the unwanted effects of premature convergence. This is accomplished by a combination of interacting generic methods. These generalizations of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) are inspired by population genetics and take advantage of the interactions between genetic drift and migration. In this regard a new selection scheme is introduced, which is designed to directedly control genetic drift within the population by advantageous self-adaptive selection pressure steering. Additionally this new selection model enables a quite intuitive heuristics to detect premature convergence. Based upon this newly postulated basic principle the new selection mechanism is combined with the already proposed Segregative Genetic Algorithm (SEGA), an advanced Genetic Algorithm (GA) that introduces parallelism mainly to improve global solution quality. As a whole, a new generic evolutionary algorithm (SASEGASA) is introduced. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated on a set of characteristic benchmark problems. Computational results show that the new method is capable of producing highest quality solutions without any problem-specific additions. 相似文献
10.