Probiotic Yoghurts with Sea Buckthorn,Elderberry, and Sloe Fruit Purees

Elderberries, sea buckthorn, and sloe berries are fruits of wild-grown bushes, valued in folk medicine for their health-promoting properties but still rarely applied in food. The aim of the present study was to produce probiotic yoghurts with a 10% addition of sweetened purees prepared from elderberries (EPY), sea buckthorn (SBPY), and sloe berries (SPY) and to assess their chemical composition, acidity, content of polyphenols and anthocyanins, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and antiradical power (ARP), level of starter microbiota, concentration of acetaldehyde and diacetyl, syneresis, instrumentally measured color and texture parameters, and sensory acceptance. The results were compared to those obtained for plain probiotic yoghurt (PPY) and the changes tracked during 1 month of cold storage at 2 week intervals. The addition of elderberry and sloe berries significantly increased the antioxidant capacity of probiotic yoghurts, probably due to a high content of polyphenols, especially anthocyanins. However, anthocyanins were more stable in the EPY when compared to the SPY. All yoghurt treatments were characterized by good sensory quality and viability of starter microorganisms, including probiotic strains during cold storage. Elderberries promoted the evolution of diacetyl in yoghurts during storage and, together with sloe berries, produced increased syneresis and the greatest changes in color profile compared to PPY.     

An Unusual Dehydratase Acting on Glycerate and a Ketoreducatse Stereoselectively Reducing α‐Ketone in Polyketide Starter Unit Biosynthesis

Polyketide synthases (PKSs) usually employ a ketoreductase (KR) to catalyze the reduction of a β‐keto group, followed by a dehydratase (DH) that drives the dehydration to form a double bond between the α‐ and β‐carbon atoms. Herein, a DH*‐KR* involved in FR901464 biosynthesis was characterized: DH* acts on glyceryl‐S‐acyl carrier protein (ACP) to yield ACP‐linked pyruvate; subsequently KR* reduces α‐ketone that yields L ‐lactyl‐S‐ACP as starter unit for polyketide biosynthesis. Genetic and biochemical evidence was found to support a similar pathway that is involved in the biosynthesis of lankacidins. These results not only identified new PKS domains acting on different substrates, but also provided additional options for engineering the PKS starter pathway or biocatalysis.     

Bounds and Constructions for Two‐Dimensional Variable‐Weight Optical Orthogonal Codes

Optical orthogonal codes (1D constant‐weight OOCs or 1D CWOOCs) were first introduced by Salehi as signature sequences to facilitate multiple access in optical fibre networks. In fiber optic communications, a principal drawback of 1D CWOOCs is that large bandwidth expansion is required if a big number of codewords is needed. To overcome this problem, a two‐dimensional (2D) (constant‐weight) coding was introduced. Many optimal 2D CWOOCs were obtained recently. A 2D CWOOC can only support a single QoS (quality of service) class. A 2D variable‐weight OOC (2D VWOOC) was introduced to meet multiple QoS requirements. A 2D VWOOC is a set of 0, 1 matrices with variable weight, good auto, and cross‐correlations. Little is known on the construction of optimal 2D VWOOCs. In this paper, new upper bound on the size of a 2D VWOOC is obtained, and several new infinite classes of optimal 2D VWOOCs are obtained.     

最优(24u,{3,4},1,{2/3,1/3})光正交码

Variable-weight optical orthogonal codes(OOCs) were introduced by G. C. YANG for multimedia optical CDMA systems with multiple quality of service(Qo S) requirements. In this paper, some infinite classes of optimal cyclic packing are presented. Optimal(24u, {3, 4}, 1,{2/3, 1/3})-OOCs for any positive integer u > 1 are established.     

Frame starters and adders in dicyclic groups

We construct frame starters in dicyclic groups Q_2n, in particular we construct frame starters with adders in Q_2q, where q = pⁿ and p ≡ 3 mod 4 is a prime. We also deduce the existence of strong frame starters in Z_2n for odd integers n whose prime factors are congruent with 1 modulo 4. The obtained results imply the constructions of classes of Room frames of types 4^p and 2ⁿ. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 6: 347–353, 1998     

飞机起动箱自动测试设备研制

起动箱是飞机发动机起动电气控制系统的核心部件,控制起动附件按照时序逻辑协调工作来起动发动机;对起动箱的组成和控制时序逻辑进行了具体分析,基于ATE硬件平台设计了起动箱的自动测试电路,采用了总线程控仪器和图形化测试软件等技术,实现了不同工作电压下起动箱的电子定时机构通断时间参数、起动程序线路时序逻辑功能的自动测试和故障诊断功能;经部队使用表明,该设备测试效率高,测试精度高,自动化程度高,人机交互界面友好,操作简单。     

Generalized Steiner systems GS4 (2, 4, v,g) for g = 2, 3, 6

Generalized Steiner systems GS_d(t, k, v, g) were first introduced by Etzion and used to construct optimal constant‐weight codes over an alphabet of size g + 1 with minimum Hamming distance d, in which each codeword has length v and weight k. Much work has been done for the existence of generalized Steiner triple systems GS(2, 3, v, g). However, for block size four there is not much known on GS_d(2, 4, v, g). In this paper, the necessary conditions for the existence of a GS_d(t, k, v, g) are given, which answers an open problem of Etzion. Some singular indirect product constructions for GS_d(2, k, v, g) are also presented. By using both recursive and direct constructions, it is proved that the necessary conditions for the existence of a GS₄(2, 4, v, g) are also sufficient for g = 2, 3, 6. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 9: 401–423, 2001     

Properties of Rice-Based Beverages Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Propionibacterium

In recent times, consumers have shown increasing interest in plant substitutes for fermented dairy products. This study aimed to investigate the properties of yogurt-type rice-based beverages fermented with lactic acid bacteria and Propionibacterium. The changes in pH, viable population of bacteria, physical properties, and carbohydrate content of these beverages were tested. Fermentation using only Propionibacterium was insufficient to obtain a product with an acidity level similar to that of milk-based yogurt (pH < 4.5). After fermentation, the tested beverages had a high number of Lactobacillus sp. (7.42–8.23 log10 CFU/mL), Streptococcus thermophilus (8.01–8.65 log10 CFU/mL), and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (8.28–8.50 log10 CFU/mL). The hardness (2.90–10.40 N) and adhesiveness (13.79–42.16 mJ) of the samples after 14 days of storage at 6 °C varied depending on the starter culture used. The syneresis of all samples ranged between 29% and 31%, which was lower or close to that of milk-based yogurts. The content of individual sugars in the samples also varied depending on the starter culture used for fermentation. The results suggest that the combination of lactic and propionic fermentation helps in the production of rice-based yogurt-type milk substitutes.     

Nilpotent 1‐factorizations of the complete graph

For which groups G of even order 2n does a 1‐factorization of the complete graph K_2n exist with the property of admitting G as a sharply vertex‐transitive automorphism group? The complete answer is still unknown. Using the definition of a starter in G introduced in 4 , we give a positive answer for new classes of groups; for example, the nilpotent groups with either an abelian Sylow 2‐subgroup or a non‐abelian Sylow 2‐subgroup which possesses a cyclic subgroup of index 2. Further considerations are given in case the automorphism group G fixes a 1‐factor. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs     

Conditions ensuring starter induced 1‐factorizations are not isomorphic

In general, it is difficult to determine whether two starter induced 1‐factorizations of K_2n are isomorphic. However, when one of the 1‐factorizations has a unique starter group to within conjugacy, we show that two starter induced 1‐factorizations on K_2n are isomorphic, if and only if, the corresponding starters are isomorphic. Two starters are isomorphic if there is a group isomorphism between the respective starter groups which takes one starter to the other. It is relatively easy to check whether starters are isomorphic in many examples. The difficulty comes in showing there is a unique starter group to within conjugacy. A number of sufficient conditions for this are given; one such condition is the assumption that the 1‐factorization be irreducible, a condition which applies to all almost perfect 1‐factorizations. Also, generalized Mullin Nemeth starters are introduced and discussed in this context. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 11: 124–143, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10023