新一代X射线激光器可用于观察分子构造

英国《新科学家》杂志日前刊载文章称，新一代X射线激光器能用于研究蛋白质和其他生物分子的构造和行为。新一代X射线激光器的能量将是现有设备的100亿倍，能使科学家观察到最微小最精妙的分子构造。利用这种技术可以破解复杂的蛋白质和完整的病毒结构，甚至可能获得DNA的三维图像。X射线激光器被称作自由电子激光器。与传统激光器不同，自由电子激光器并不是通过光照或电流刺激某种物质发射光子，而是使用粒子加速器让极小的电子云穿过磁铁组，这些磁铁把电子推来推去，直到电子释放出光脉冲。传统激光器的激光波长是由发射光子的物质本…     

一道解析几何题的多种解法

解析几何是用代数方法研究几何问题的数学分支，其中的题目可涉及到函数，三角，不等式等各种数学知识，这就决定了一个解析几何问题可能有多种不同的解法。解析几何的一题多解可以提高思维的灵活性，拓展人的思路，进而可以提高解决数学综合问题的能力。下面就以一道解析几何题给出几种不同的解法。     

Spin-Polarized Tunnelling Magnetoresistance Effects in La0.833K0.167MnO3／SrTiO3 Polycrystalline Perovskite Manganites

A sample of La0.833K0.167MnO3-SrTiO3 (LKMO/STO) is fabricated by the sol-gel method. The microstructure,magnetic and transportation properties have been studied. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the structure of LKMO/STO is a homogeneous solid solution phase. The resistivity of LKMO/STO shows the insulator behaviour, which is different from La0.833K0.167MnO3 (LKMO) whose resistivity shows metal-insulator transition with decreasing temperature. The low-field (moH = 0.02 T) magnetoresistance decreases from 11% to 0.2% with the increasing temperature from 4 K‘to 220K for the LKMO/STO sample. The magnitude of magnetoresistance in a strong field (μoH = 5.5 T) almost increases linearly with decreasing temperature and reaches the maximum of 65% at the low temperature of 4.2K, which is much higher than that oE LKMO (40%). The enhanced low-field magnetoresistance effects are quantitatively explained by the spin-polarized tunnelling at grain boundaries.     

金属锡促进的a-澳代醋与二硒醚反应合成a一硒代醋

本文报道在四氢吠喃中通过金属锡促进Q_澳代酷与二硒醚反应生成a一硒代酷，反应条件温和，产率良好.     

条形装箱问题的优化模型和增广Lagrange算法

This paper formulates a two-dimensional strip packing problem as a non-linear programming(NLP)problem and establishes the first-order optimality con-ditions for the NLP problem.A numerical algorithm for solving this NLP problemis given to find exact solutions to strip-packing problems involving up to 10 items.Approximate solutions can be found for big-sized problems by decomposing the setof items into small-sized blocks of which each block adopts the proposed numericalalgorithm.Numerical results show that the approximate solutions to big-sized prob-lems obtained by this method are superior to those by NFDH,FFDH and BFDHapproaches.     

Unusual Transport Properties near the Insulator-Metal Transition in Colossal Magnetoresistive Manganites

It is argued that a combination of the Griffiths theory and the double-exchange mechanism predicts the random distribution of ferromagnetic metallic clusters above the Curie temperature TC in colossal magnetoresistive manganites. Along this line, we propose a model for the temperature dependence of resistivity that yields a quantitative agreement with experimental data obtained in a typical manganite La2/3Ca1/3MnO3. Our result indicates that the formation and growth of ferromagnetic metallic clusters are responsible for the observation of unusual transport properties near the insulator-metal transition.     

泛代数的二次扩张

在本文中引入了泛代数的二次扩张的概念，解决了ＴＵ－ＥＣ（Ａ）和ＵＴ－ＥＣ（Ａ）的存在、真类和基数问题，范畴ＴＵ－ＥＣ（Ａ）（及ＵＴ－ＥＣ（Ａ）），并得到了有关二次扩张的几个同构定理，还对一点二次扩张作了讨论。     

具有随机窗宽核估计的一致强相合性

设 X_1,…,X_m i.i.d.是取值于 R~n 中的随机向量,X_1 有概率密度 f(x),取正随机变量 H_m(x,ω)=H_m(x,X_2(ω),…,(ω))为随机窗宽,f(x)的核估计与最近邻估计分别如下:f_m(x)=(mH_m~n(x,ω))~(-1)sum from i=1 to m K((X_i-x)/H_m(x,w))f_m(x)=(ma_m~n(x,w))~(-1) sum from i=1 to m K((X_i-x)/a_m(x,w)),m≥1,x∈R~n.假定 K 为 R~n 中有界变差函数,当 f(x)与 K(x)的条件比[1]弱时,我们讨论了 f_m(x)与 f_m(x)的一致强相合性。本文所得随机窗宽的结果与[1]中常数窗宽的结果相同,这些结果也比[2]和[5]中的要好。