Laser ablation lithography on thermoelectric semiconductor

In this paper, experimental results of the investigation of the periodic structure on thermoelectric semiconductor Cu₂Se are presented. Periodic structures were formed on surfaces of semiconductors due to multi-beam interaction of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, which was operated in the lowest order of Gaussian mode and pulse duration 7 ns. Surface temperature evolution and transient reflectivity are studied during laser treatment. Creation of Cu islands in the maximal intensity of interference pattern was found.     

Photoluminescence of Ge(Si)/Si(0 0 1) self-assembled islands in the near infra-red wavelength range

The dependence of photoluminescence spectra of structures with GeSi/Si(0 0 1) self-assembled nanoislands on growth temperature has been investigated. It was shown that the redshift of the island-related photoluminescence peak with a decrease of the growth temperature is associated with suppression of Si diffusion in the islands and an increase of Ge content in them. For the first time a photoluminescence signal from SiGe islands was observed at energies much lower than the Ge band gap. The energy position of the island-related photoluminescence peak is well described by the model of optical transition, which is indirect in real space. The photoluminescence signal at 1.55 μm from GeSi/Si(0 0 1) self-assembled islands was obtained up to room temperature.     

Schemes for Single Electron Transistor Based on Double Quantum Dot Islands Utilizing a Graphene Nanoscroll,Carbon Nanotube and Fullerene

The single electron transistor (SET) is a nanoscale switching device with a simple equivalent circuit. It can work very fast as it is based on the tunneling of single electrons. Its nanostructure contains a quantum dot island whose material impacts on the device operation. Carbon allotropes such as fullerene (C₆₀), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoscrolls (GNSs) can be utilized as the quantum dot island in SETs. In this study, multiple quantum dot islands such as GNS-CNT and GNS-C₆₀ are utilized in SET devices. The currents of two counterpart devices are modeled and analyzed. The impacts of important parameters such as temperature and applied gate voltage on the current of two SETs are investigated using proposed mathematical models. Moreover, the impacts of CNT length, fullerene diameter, GNS length, and GNS spiral length and number of turns on the SET’s current are explored. Additionally, the Coulomb blockade ranges (CB) of the two SETs are compared. The results reveal that the GNS-CNT SET has a lower Coulomb blockade range and a higher current than the GNS-C₆₀ SET. Their charge stability diagrams indicate that the GNS-CNT SET has smaller Coulomb diamond areas, zero-current regions, and zero-conductance regions than the GNS-C₆₀ SET.     

Control of island formation using overgrowth technique on cleaved edges of strained multiple quantum wells and selective epitaxy on patterned substrates

Two approaches to control the position and the size of semiconductor islands are proposed. The first method is to perform overgrowth on a cleaved edge of strained multiple quantum wells which acts as a substrate with a periodically modulated lattice constant, thus inducing a periodic strain to the overgrown layer. The second method is to selectively grow islands in specific windows defined by electron beam lithography. Both the methods are applied to the Ge/Si system and the controllability of the Ge island formation is demonstrated.     

浙江省海岛土地资源开发利用探讨

浙江省是全国岛屿最多的省份，海岛为全省实现“海洋经济大省”起着重要作用。本文在分析浙江省海岛土地利用现状及其特点的基础上，指出开发利用中存在的主要问题，提出了合理开发利用的战略对策。     

A novel method for elimination of the gold-islands formed in the self-assembled monolayers of benzeneselenol on Au(1 1 1) surface

Molecular ordering of benzeneselenol (BSe) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(1 1 1) substrates have been investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) [1]. After short immersion time (10 min), elevated islands with height of 2.4 Å were found to cover the entire gold surface. On and among the islands, the STM results exhibited the formation of a highly ordered phase (α-phase) by BSe species. In the present study, a novel method is presented to completely eradicate the elevated gold-islands. The method depends on a repetitive STM scanning over the same part of the SAM at restricted tunnelling conditions. After almost 6 h of successive scanning, the surface becomes clean and free of the elevated islands. Moreover, this method was found to induce phase transformation into β-phase. The size of the ordered domains of the β-phase was found to exceed five times that of α-phase. Such a long-range ordering of the β-phase at room temperature has not been previously observed for any system on Au(1 1 1). After detailed analyses, the β-phase was found to have a 33.5% of lower packing density than that of α-phase.     

RCD Large Aspect-Ratio Tokamak Equilibrium with Magnetic Islands:a Perturbed Approach

Solutions of Grad-Shafranov(GS) equation with Reversed Current Density(RCD) profiles present magnetic islands when the magnetic flux is explicitly dependent on the poloidal angle.In this work it is shown that a typical cylindrical(large aspect-ratio) RCD equilibrium configuration perturbed by the magnetic field of a circular loop(simulating a divertor) is capable of generate magnetic islands,due to the poloidal symmetry break of the GS equilibrium solution.     

Vibrational spectra of monolayer islands on single crystal faces. Island size and shape effects on infrared frequencies,intensities and bandwidths

A method for theoretical analysis spectra of rectangular segments (islands) of two-dimensional ordered overlayers of adsorbed species has been proposed. The simple formulae for frequencies, absorption coefficients and bandwidths as functions of island size and shape have been deduced. If frequencies and bandwidths of appropriate bands in infrared spectra of chemisorbed monolayers are measured simultaneously, the size and shape of the islands can be estimated.     

Surface strain due to embedded epitaxial islands

We present a simple methodology for the evaluation of strain on the free surface above an embedded island. This work is motivated by the technological importance of self-organization of nanostructures. We first obtain the exact solution of the problem of a particle embedded in a half-space, using continuum theory. Then, we obtain a simple mathematical expression for the strain on the surface. In order to account for the influence of surface energy at the nanoscale, surface and interface stress are considered through the continuum Gurtin formulation. The results are compared with the classical approach, which typically ignores surface stress. This comparison illustrates a very dramatic (even qualitative) difference from the classical elasticity based prediction. It proves that surface stress must be taken into account when islands are small and softer than the substrate material. The procedure illustrated here should be useful to those who need usable expressions for surface strain and have no interest in solving the corresponding boundary value problem.     

浙江北部沿海岛屿与毗邻地区植物区系的亲缘关系研究＊

浙江北部沿海岛屿(下简称岛屿群)是浙江沿海岛屿区的主体, 在浙江沿海岛屿植物区系中最具代 表性.作者统计该岛屿群与毗邻地区植物区系的共有种和区系共有地理成分, 分析该岛屿群与我国东 部沿海诸山地森林植物区系间属的主分量和种的相关性, 阐明下述观点:1.浙江北部沿海岛屿与我国 南部各地区植物区系的联系远比其北部各地区密切.2.浙江北部沿海岛屿与华东植物区系的关系最为 密切;与华南植物区系的相似程度超过华中.3.浙江北部沿海岛屿与我国台湾和日本植物区系的关系 都很密切, 尤以与日本植物区系的关系更为密切.4.浙江北部沿海岛屿与我国东部沿海诸山地森林植 物区系属种相似性递减序列依次为杭州、西天目山、黄山、九龙山、大别山、连云港、青岛和旅大.