重视直观性教学法在高等数学教学中的应用

在多年的教学实践及理论研究基础上提出了在高等数学教学中应大力提倡和广泛应用的方法——直观性教学法 ,即在教学过程中运用各种手段在概念、定理、证明、解题中突出其直观性 ,培养学生的数学直觉 ,提高其数学文化素质 .直观性教学法可以培养学生学习兴趣 ,提高记忆品质 ,提高学习效率 .本文先从数学的本质及人类思想的规律两方面理论上论证了直观性教学法的可行性 ,又从高等数学的教材及教学两方面实际论证了直观性教学法的必要性 .最后以三个教学案例具体说明了直观性教学法的实施方法     

Universal elementary constituents of potential transformations shifting waves (qualitative theory)

It is shown that the potential perturbation that shifts a chosen standing wave in space is a block of potential barrier and well for every wave bump between neighbouring knots. The algorithms shifting the range of the primary localization of a chosen bound state in a potential well of finite width are as well applicable to the scattering functions if states of the continuous spectrum are considered as bound states normalized to unity but distributed on an infinite interval with vanishing density. The potential perturbations of the same type on the half-axis concentrate the scattering wave at the origin, thus creating a bound state embedded into the continuous spectrum (zero width resonance).     

缩短单点作业时间影响因素的排序研究

提出国家电网公司在实施设备的检修作业时尽量减少停电时间,以实现电缆线路状态的有效监控的重要意义.分析缩短单点作业时间的末端影响因素.提出三角模糊集、指数模糊集用于权重设置的具体途径,应用OWA算子于因素排序评价数值的加权,并拓展其基本原理和方法,使其对极端评分值有所抑制对中间评分值有所提升.以上海市电力公司检修公司为研究背景,应用直觉模糊集及其IFHA集成方法于缩短单点作业时间的末端影响因素评价指标排序,并得出u_≥u_≥u_1u_4u_6≥u_2u_3的结论.     

概率与直觉

通过“免费抽奖问题”、“生日问题”、“肇事车认定问题”一个例子说明:在求某个事件的概率时,如果不经过认真分析,常常会被直觉误导。并分析了导致错觉的原因是错误地选择了样本空间,进而说明正确选择样本空间的重要性。     

On roots and squares – estimation,intuition and creativity

The paper presents findings of a small scale study of a few items related to problem solving with squares and roots, for different teacher groups (pre-service and in-service mathematics teachers: elementary and junior high school). The research participants were asked to explain what would be the units digit of a natural number to be squared in order to obtain a certain units digit as a result. They were also asked to formulate a rule – an algorithm for calculating the square of a 2-digit number which is a multiple of 5. Based on this knowledge and estimation capability, they were required to find, without using calculators, the square roots of given natural numbers. The findings show that most of the participants had only partial intuition regarding the units’ digit of a number which is squared when the units’ digit of the square is known. At the same time, the participants manifested some evidence of creativity and flow of ideas in identifying the rule for calculating the square of a natural number whose units digit is 5. However, when asked to identify, by means of estimation and based on knowledge from previous items, the square roots of three natural numbers, only few of them managed to find the three roots by estimation.     

Research on the Evolution of Thinking Dynamics Attractor

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区间灰数直觉模糊集及其G-TOPSIS模糊多属性决策方法

提出以区间灰数为隶属度、非隶属度和犹豫度的区间灰数直觉模糊集概念,定义了两个区间灰数直觉模糊集之间的距离.对于以灰直觉模糊数为属性值的模糊多属性决策,依据经典TOPSIS准则,提出了基于区间灰数直觉模糊集的模糊多属性决策方法G-TOPSIS.其包含两种方法:一是将区间灰数白化后,按直觉模糊集的TOPSIS方法进行;一是基于区间灰数直觉模糊距离的TOPSIS方法.示例分析表明了两种方法的有效性与一致性.     

Vague集相似度量模型

Vague集的相似度量在模糊推理、模式识别、聚类分析、决策分析等领域的广泛运用,要求所建立的vague集相似度量模型具有较高的区分度及度量结果合乎人的直觉.基于此要求,首先对已有Vague值的相似度量模型在区分度上的不足进行了分析.然后,在分析地基础上,提出了vague值的相似度量建模须考虑的因素.最后建立了Vague集的相似度量模型.数值实验表明,新模型具有较好的区分度,能克服已有模型在区分度上的不足.     

直觉在概率求解过程中的误导

通过对警察找醉汉问题和MontyHall问题的具体分析说明：在求某个事件的概率时,如果不经过认真分析。常常会被直觉误导,同时说明了概率论原理在概率求解过程中的重要性．