Comparison of procedures for correction of matrix interferences in the multi-element analysis of soils by ICP-AES with a CCD detection system

Three procedures, matrix matching, plasma optimisation and single-point standard-addition, have been evaluated to ascertain the best procedure for simultaneous multi-element analysis of industrial soils by ICP-AES with CCD detection. A standard reference material, CRM143 from the Bureau Communautaire de Réference (BCR), has been analysed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb using the three different matrix interference correction procedures. All three procedures give comparable results which are in good agreement with the BCR values, except for Cr. The single-point standard addition procedure was chosen, on the basis of economy and ease of implementation, to correct for matrix interferences in the determination of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn and V in soil samples collected from an industrial site in England. Concentrations of some of the elements were found to vary greatly with sampling depth. For example, the concentration of Mn, determined using the atomic line at 279.920 nm, increased from 426 ± 3 g/g at a depth of 18–28 cm to 5996 ± 144 g/g at 60–85 cm.     

粘土矿物的结构特征及其应用研究

阐述了贮量巨大、用途广泛的粘土矿物，其充分开发应用的关键，在于根据其结构特征，并通过适当的物理、化学方法加以改造、以适应各种不同工业应用的要求。并以我们对粘土矿物进行活化、改性、层间插入及其工业应用产品开发的初步研究成果，阐明利用粘土硅酸盐多层次结构的可变性，开拓新的应用性能的可能性及粘土矿物充分开发应用的途径。     

工业原料铁制备浆态床FT合成用的Fe-Cu-K-Si催化剂的探索

费托合成技术是公认的将煤基合成气转化为液体燃料和化工原料的重要技术途径。虽然固定床费托合成技术从五十年代起已经工业运转，但是浆态床费托合成技术由于其传热性能好，可直接使用第二代气化炉生产的富CO合成气，反应器结构简单，单台反应器生产能力大，开工率高，产品结构合理，     

Method Development for the Speciation of Chromium in River and Industrial Wastewater Using GFAAS

A simple, sensitive and inexpensive method for the speciation of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in river and industrial wastewater was developed, optimized and validated. Samples were collected, filtered and then chromium species were determined in the filtrate. In the filtrate, total Cr was determined directly by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS). A portion of the filtered sample was buffered to pH 6.4, extracted with Amberlite LA-2/MIBK and finally Cr(VI) was determined in the organic extract and Cr(III) in the aqueous phase using GFAAS. The method was evaluated by analysis of the certified reference material, CRM 544, and good accuracy was obtained. The limit of detection for Cr(VI) and Cr(tot)/Cr(III) was found to be 0.30 and 0.08 µg L⁻¹, respectively, and a precision expressed as relative standard deviation of better than 11% was achieved for nine replicates. A number of water samples from the Tinishu Akaki River, Ethiopia, and wastewater samples from a chemical plant in Germany, were analysed. In addition to the GFAAS method, Cr(tot) was also determined using ICP-MS (in CRM 544, lyophilized water, and Tinishu Akaki River water samples) and Cr(tot) and Cr(VI) using UV-VIS spectrophotometry (in CRM 544 and industrial wastewater samples). Good agreement between the different methods was found.     

搅拌釜中制备草酸铈的团聚尺寸模型研究

以硝酸铈和草酸铵反应生成草酸铈沉淀为研究对象，探讨了搅拌釜中输入功率、溶液过饱和度与产物团聚尺寸之间的变化关系并在团聚和破碎动力学的基础上建立了团聚尺寸模型。根据草酸铈沉淀实验中得到的实验结果求得了一定反应体系浓度下的模型K1，K2和K3值，最后通过－↑LtE,max的模型计算值与实验值，ε--↑LtE的模型曲线与实验曲线的比较初步证明了该模型的实际适用性。     

光度分析中协同系数补偿方法的研究──三次标准加入法同时测定钼、钨和钛

本文在两次标准加入法[1]的基础上，提出了三组份同时测定的三次标准加入法，并应用于钼、钨和钛的流动注射同时测定。测定条件：［水杨基荧光酮（SAF）］＝1．25　×10-4mol／L，［溴化＋六烷基三甲基铵（CTMAB）」＝2．5×10－3mol／L，pH1．35，25℃，采样、进样时间分别为10s和18s，进样频率128次／h。为消除组份间协同作用引起的吸光度加合性的偏离，定义了三组份协同系数。将其引入三组份同时测定方法，补偿了吸光度对线性的偏离。补偿后钼、钨和钛的测定范围分别为0．05～0．35，0．25～1．00，0．025～0．30mg／L。测定了钢样及模拟样品中钼、钨和钛含量，结果较好。     

噻吩及衍生物的微波反应机理研究

应用量子化学理论，初步探讨了苯－噻吩协同分离的可能性，利用微波诱导反应提高了选择性，介绍了在复合催化作用下，对Ｄｉｅｌｓ－Ａｌｄｅｒ，ａｃｙｌａｃｙｌａｔｉｏｎ，ＨｙｄｒｏｇｅｎＥｘｃｈａｎｇｅ几个基元反应的机理。     

Industrial standardization of thermal analysis in Japan

To satisfy the needs for industrial standards for thermal analysis in the Japanese polymer industry, round-robin tests of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and thermodilatometry (TD) have been carried out recently. The results are discussed in this short review. The DSC applications tested were not only for determination of transition temperature but also for measurements of the transition heat and heat capacity. The TG task group did not aim at longterm thermal endurance studies, but relative thermal stability in molding and estimation of filler content, residual solvent content, etc. TMA was found to be a useful tool for measuring softening temperature and heat distortion temperature, especially for high-temperature engineering plastics, instead of the Vicat test which has temperature limitations. For temperature calibration of DSC and TG, ICTA-NIST certified reference materials were used together with other potential temperature standards; some inorganic substances and alloys were not found to be preferable to pure metals. For TMA and TD metal plates were found to be very useful for temperature calibration. Analysis of the round-robin test results also clarified present status of practical applications of thermal analysis, such as reproducibility and causes of errors. Plenary lecture     

The circular chemistry conceptual framework: A way forward to sustainability in industry 4.0

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水淬渣-累托石颗粒吸附材料的制备及应用

研究了水淬渣-累托石颗粒吸附材料制备工艺条件、再生方法及其去除铜冶炼工业废水中重金属的条件.试验结果表明,累托石与水淬渣的比例为1∶1,另加入10%的添加剂(IS)和50%的水,焙烧温度为400℃时,制成的颗粒吸附材料体积密度为1.06kg/m3,显气孔率为62.29%,吸水率为58.82%,抗压强度为2.22Mpa,吸附效果好,散失率较低.在未调节铜冶炼工业废水pH值的条件下,颗粒吸附材料用量为0.05g/cm3,反应时间为40min,吸附温度为25℃(常温)时,Cu2 、Pb2 、Zn2 、Cd2 、Ni2 的去除率分别为98.2%、96.3%、78.6%、86.2%、64.2%,处理后的水符合国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)一级标准.颗粒吸附材料对Zn2 、Cu2 有很好的选择性.吸附饱和的颗粒吸附材料用1mol/L氯化钠溶液再生效果好.该颗粒吸附材料具有分离容易、可重复使用、处理效果好、应用前景广阔的优点.