Indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae Could Better Adapt to the Physicochemical Conditions and Natural Microbial Ecology of Prince Grape Must Compared with Commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae FX10

Indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a new and useful tool, can be used in fermentation to enhance the aroma characteristic qualities of the wine-production region. In this study, we used indigenous S. cerevisiae L59 and commercial S. cerevisiae FX10 to ferment Prince (a new hybrid variety from Lion Winery) wine, detected the basic physicochemical parameters and the dynamic changes of fungal communities during fermentation, and analyzed the correlations between fungal communities and volatile compounds. The results showed that the indigenous S. cerevisiae L59 could quickly adapt to the specific physicochemical conditions and microbial ecology of the grape must, showing a strong potential for winemaking. Compared with commercial S. cerevisiae FX10, the wine fermented by indigenous S. cerevisiae L59 contained more glycerol and less organic acids, contributing to a rounder taste. The results of volatile compounds indicated that the indigenous S. cerevisiae L59 had a positive effect on adding rosy, honey, pineapple and other sweet aroma characteristics to the wine. Overall, the study we performed showed that selection of indigenous S. cerevisiae from the wine-producing region as a starter for wine fermentation is conducive to improving the aroma profile of wine and preserving the aroma of the grape variety.     

Co-Ingestion of Natal Plums (Carissa macrocarpa) and Marula Nuts (Sclerocarya birrea) in a Snack Bar and Its Effect on Phenolic Compounds and Bioactivities

This study investigated the effect of co-ingesting Natal plums (Carissa macrocarpa) and Marula nuts (Sclerocarya birrea) on the bioaccessibility and uptake of anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity, and the ability to inhibit α-glucosidase. A Natal plum–Marula nut bar was made by mixing the raw nuts and the fruit pulp in a ratio 1:1 (v/v). The cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (Cy-3-Sa) and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside content (Cy-3-G) were quantified using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Inclusion of Natal plum in the Marula nut bar increased the Cy-3-Sa, Cy-3-G content, antioxidants capacity and α-glucosidase inhibition compared to ingesting Marula nut separately at the internal phase. Adding Natal plum to the Marula nut bar increased bioaccessibility of Cy-3-Sa, Cy-3-G, quercetin, coumaric acid, syringic acid and ferulic acid to 80.2% and 71.9%, 98.7%, 95.2%, 51.9% and 89.3%, respectively, compared to ingesting the Natal plum fruit or nut separately.     

基于MODIS数据的森林火险时空分异规律研究

森林火灾严重危害生态环境,引起了全球的高度重视。将从MODIS(MODerate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer)中提取的活动火点与历史火烧痕迹进行比较研究,发现MOD14A1(火掩膜数据产品a daily Level 3 1-km fire hot spot product)中提取的8+9波段适合消防监测,与现场勘察数据相比较吻合度高达0.83。使用MOD14A1中8+9波段结合相关数据对这个区域的长达11年(2000—2010年)的森林火灾发生的时间和空间分析,结果表明：火灾发生频率最多的是春季,秋季次之,夏天概率最低,除非干旱。通过对研究区域黑龙江省分析,针叶林和温带针阔混交林过火面积所占比例分别为53.68%,44%,草原区过火面积较小为2.32%。大兴安岭是主要的燃烧区域,面积达到64.74%,小兴安岭约为23.49%,而其他区域面积不超过5%。且火灾发生的较大部分森林有个平缓的斜坡(≤5°),大部分处于中海拔(200 m≤H≤500 m)。因此,通过卫星遥感对森林火区区域的时间序列分析,阐明火灾活动规律和气候、地形、植被类型的相互关系,有助于预测火灾区域危险性等级。     

两参数广义Poisson过程

定义了两参数广义Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ过程，得到了它的基本性质、局部鞅性和各种两参数Ｍａｒｋｏｖ性，研究了它的跳线和样本函数，对跳线和样本函数作了形象、明确和深刻的刻划，可以说是一目了然的。     

机载激光雷达风切变探测性能分析

介绍了用于风切变测量的激光雷达外差探测系统，阐述了其工作原理，根据CO2雷达系统与Ho：YAG雷达系统相关参数进行信噪比模拟和风速误差对比，模拟结果表明波长为2．1μm的Ho：YAG雷达和波长为10．6μm CO2雷达都适合机载低空风切变探测。通过对比表明Ho：YAG雷达的性能更为优良，误差更小，探测距离更远。     

Study on South African Indigenous Teas—Antioxidant Potential,Nutritional Content,and Hypoxia-Induced Cyclooxygenase Inhibition on U87 MG Cell Line

Background: This study comparatively assessed seven indigenous traditional tea plants on several attributes that included antioxidant, nutritional, caffeine contents, and cyclooxygenase activity. Methodology: Nutritional content of all tea plants were determined for energy, fat, carbohydrates, total sugars, dietary fiber and amino acids. Antioxidant potential and the antioxidant potentiating secondary metabolites were also measured and compared. Further, we investigated the tea plants for any role they would have on cyclooxygenase (COX) activity on cobalt chloride (CoCl₂) induced human glioma cell lines (U87MG). Results: The tea plants were found non-cytotoxic at concentrations tested against the human Chang liver and HeK 293 kidney cells and were found to be naturally caffeine free. The lowest and highest extraction yield among the tea plants was 7.1% for B. saligna and 15.48% for L. scaberrimma respectively. On average, the flavonol content was 12 to 8 QE/g, ORAC 800 µmol TE/g, TEAC 150 µmol TE/g, FRAP 155 µmol AAE/g, polyphenols 40 mg GAE/g, flavanols 0.35 mg CE/g, flavonols 12 mg QE/g and total flavonoid content (TFC) 180 µg QE/mg. The COX activity has been found to be inhibited by a dose-dependent manner by L. scaberrimma, B. saligna and L. javanica. Conclusion: The results further support competitive value of tea plants and need for improved and further development.     

The Essential Oil-Bearing Plants in the United Arab Emirates (UAE): An Overview

Essential Oils (EOs) are expensive hydrocarbons produced exclusively by specific species in the plant kingdom. Their applications have deep roots in traditional herbal medicine, which lacks scientific evidence. Nowadays, more than ever, there is a growing global interest in research-based discoveries that maintain and promote health conditions. Consequently, EOs became a much attractive topic for both research and industry, with revenues reaching billions of dollars annually. In this work, we provide key guidance to all essential oil-bearing plants growing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The comprehensive data were collected following an extensive, up-to-date literature review. The results identified 137 plant species, including indigenous and naturalized ones, in the UAE, citing over 180 published research articles. The general overview included plant botanical names, synonyms, common names (Arabic and English), families and taxonomic authority. The study acts as a baseline and accelerator for research, industry and discoveries in multiple disciplines relying on essential oil-bearing plants.     

Tristaenone A: A New Anti-Inflammatory Compound Isolated from the Australian Indigenous Plant Tristaniopsis laurina

Inspired by ethnopharmacological knowledge, we conducted a bioassay-guided fractionation of the leaves of Tristaniopsis laurina which led to the discovery of a new anti-inflammatory compound, tristaenone A (1). The structure was elucidated by detailed spectroscopic data analysis, and the absolute configuration was established using X-ray crystallography analysis. Tristaenone A (1) suppressed LPS and IFN-γ-induced NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production in RAW 264.7 cells with IC₅₀ values of 37.58 ± 2.45 μM, 80.6 ± 5.82 μM and 125.65 ± 0.34 μM, respectively. It also inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation by 52.93 ± 14.14% at a concentration of 31.85 μM.     

建筑生产固有危险的评价研究

本指出对建筑生产安全状况应从两个层面即固有危险和安全管理来进行评价，并就固有危险的评价进行了专题研究；建立了建筑生产固有危险评价的层次结构模型，设计了有关的安全检查表，研究了具体的评价方法和评价模型。