A Pilot Survey of Vocal Health in Young Singers

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of vocal problems in young choir singers and to correlate vocal problems with demographic and behavioral information. A questionnaire addressing vocal habits and hygiene was offered to 571 young choir singers, up to 25 years of age, who sing at least weekly; 129 (22.6%) responded. More than one-half of the respondents had experienced vocal difficulty, particularly older adolescents. Detrimental behaviors and circumstances surveyed were not reflective of the incidence of vocal difficulty, except for morning hoarseness, chronic fatigue, insomnia, and female gender after puberty. Voice care professionals should be aware that self-reported voice difficulties are common among young choral singers, especially postpubescent girls, and children with symptoms consistent with reflux (morning hoarseness) and emotional stress (insomnia). Laryngologists should communicate with choral conductors and singing teachers to enhance early identification and treatment of children with voice complaints, and to develop choral educational strategies that help decrease their incidence.     

示波极谱法测定保健药品中的褪黑激素

褪黑激素与HNO3在室温下发生硝基化反应生成褪黑激素的硝基化合物,加NH3·H2O终止反应并用甲酸 甲酸钠缓冲液控制反应液pH3,在原点电位-0.20V(vs.SCE),测量-0.50V处的二阶导数峰高。方法检出限为1μg/L,线性范围为1μg/L～200μg/L,相对标准偏差为2.6%～8.0%,加标回收率为92 0%～110 0%,测定结果与高效液相色谱法进行比较,无显著性差异。     

我国医疗费用增长与医疗设备投入的相关性研究

近年来我国卫生总费用占GDP的比例增长很快,而在卫生费用结构上则发生政府投入下降和个人支出的上升。本文采集了大量的统计数据,采用统计相关性研究的方法,论证了医疗设备规模的不断扩大是导致医疗费用上升的主要因素之一;医疗设备的快速增长与医院维修费用投入的增长直接相关,而引起医疗设备维修大量投入的主要原因则是故障期内医疗设备的非正常闲置。本文通过对个人卫生费用的上升、医疗设备规模的扩大及其医疗设备维修投入费用增加相关性的分析,说明了在这种关系下,十分有必要研究医院医疗设备维修体系,以在卫生投入和患者权益上达到平衡。     

Broader Societal Issues of Nanotechnology

Nanoscale science and engineering are providing unprecedented understanding and control over the basic building blocks of matter, leading to increased coherence in knowledge, technology, and education. The main reason for developing nanotechnology is to advance broad societal goals such as improved comprehension of nature, increased productivity, better healthcare, and extending the limits of sustainable development and of human potential. This paper outlines societal implication activities in nanotechnology R&D programs. The US National Nanotechnology Initiative annual investment in research with educational and societal implications is estimated at about $30 million (of which National Science Foundation (NSF) awards about $23 million including contributions to student fellowships), and in nanoscale research with relevance to environment at about $50 million (of which NSF awards about $30 million and EPA about $6 million). An appeal is made to researchers and funding organizations worldwide to take timely and responsible advantage of the new technology for economic and sustainable development, to initiate societal implications studies from the beginning of the nanotechnology programs, and to communicate effectively the goals and potential risks with research users and the public.     

Practical aspects associated with location planning for maternal and perinatal assistance in Brazil

A study has been carried out aimed at reducing perinatal mortality in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro through a better distribution of health care facilities. The algorithmic aspects are detailed elsewhere and here the emphasis is on practical issues and difficulties encountered. A 3-level hierarchical model was developed. Both uncapacitated and capacitated versions are briefly described together with some results based on actual data. The project brought to light many contradictions between OR theory and practice in developing countries and, unfortunately, the models developed were not implemented by the municipality health authorities. Possible reasons for this outcome are analysed.     

饮食中微量元素砷的分布规律与人体健康关系

采用催化动力学光度法测定了六大类(共三十种)样品中的总砷含量，探讨了砷在食品中的分布规律，建立了砷在人体中的安全系效和积累系效的效学评价公式，用于评价砷与人体健康的关系，这对人们选择食物有一定的指导意义。     

微量元素镍概论

阐述了镍的基本概况,包括镍的发现史、来源及性质,镍对人体健康的影响,科学补镍和防止镍中毒的方法。     

恩施来凤藤茶微量元素的分析及其保健功能探讨

用原子吸收光谱法等方法测定TN茶及常用绿茶中Fe、Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg、Se、Mn、Co、K、Na、F、I的含量，发现藤茶中Fe、Cu、zn、Mg、Mn、Se、Na、F及I的含量比常用绿茶高。并根据测定的结果探讨了藤茶的保健功能。     

微量元素对人体健康的影响

阐述了微量元素的生理作用以及对人体健康的影响和微量元素平衡的重要性，对临床医学及日常生活有一定的参考价值。     

微量元素锌与小儿健康状况分析

对98例西安阎良一四一医院儿科门诊就诊的小儿发锌进行了测定，分析了锌与小儿健康的关系，并对低锌的小儿进行了治疗。通过治疗(药疗、食疗)症状明显好转，复查发锌正常者达85．7％。